Objectives of the Study Problem Formulation

7 beings in the real world p.210. Rohrberger and Woods 1971 also state that characters have particular personalities and physical attributes that distinguish them from other character p. 20. It concludes that every character in the novel, which is human, have their own unique personality and appearance. The unique personality and appearance makes every human different from another. Milligan 1983 defines two kinds of characters; they are major characters and secondary characters. Major character is those who appear more often in the story. Secondary character is those who appear less in the story p.195. In Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense , Perrine 1974 distinguishes the character into two types. 1 Static character Static character does not undergo a change. This kind of character will have the same characteristics from the beginning to the end of the story p.71. It concludes that the character in the story has the same behavior, thought, attitude in the whole story in the novel. 2 Dynamic character Dynamic character is a developing character. This kind of character will change in certain conditions and can be developed under some possibilities. Dynamic character undergoes a permanent change in some aspects of his or her character, personality or outlook. The changes may be in a large or small portion, and may be better or worse, which are important or basis p.71. Based on the theory above, the writer can identify which types of character Miss Prym is. 8

2.1.2 Methods of Characterization

Characterization is an important part because it can help the reader to understand the main character deeper. According to Murphy 1972, characterization is a process by which an author creates character, the device by which he makes us believe a character is the particular type of person he is. Murphy states that there are nine ways that enable the author to present a character in a story understandably and lively for the readers pp.161- 173. The first is through personal description. The author directly describes the characters’ appearance and clothes p.161, what the character looks like and what social class they belong to. The reader has the imagination of how the character looks. Second way is character as seen by another. This way differs from personal description, which tells the readers directly about the character, the author can also describe him through the eyes and opinions of another p.162. It is clear that the character in the novel could be described through what other characters see or think. The third way for an author to present a character in the story is through speech. The author can give the readers insight about the character through what the character says, whenever he speaks, whenever he is in conversation with another, and whenever he puts toward an opinion p.164. The dialogue in the novel can determine someone’s character. The fourth is past life. The author can give the readers a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character by telling his past life. This can be