population and seek to create a sample that is representative of the total population.
3. Doing observation
Observation is conducted during the teaching-learning process. As an English teacher, I am responsible in doing this observation of students’
attitude towards language. Besides, observation can also be informal need analysis which deals with the informal negotiations that take place between
class teachers and students in the form of chats with either individual or groups of students. The result of the questionnaire was in the form of field
notes.
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis
As mentioned in advance, here are three ways to collect the data in this study, namely questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Therefore, two types of data
collection were implemented in this study. They are qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data are obtained from the interview and observation. The
interviews, further, were recorded and transcribed. It contains feedbacks and suggestions from teachers, students and stakeholders. Moreover, the results of
the observation were written as field notes. In contrast, questionnaire is used as the quantitative data. The statistical
Package for the Social Science SPSS 16.0 was used. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data in the questionnaire. I used scaling technique to find the
agreement towards the effectiveness of the questionnaire. Furthermore, it was
analyzed by using Likert Scale. The subjects were asked to rate their opinion based on a five-point scale. The data are, further, converted into the interval of
mean values on a scale of 1 up to 5 using a range of the factual score as follows: Score
Category Mean
Range
1 Not useful
1.00-1.50 2
Rarely useful 1.51-2.50
3 Sometimes useful
2.51-3.50 4
Useful 3.51-4.50
5 Very Useful
4.51-5.00 Table 3.1 Meaning of five-point scale
The table 3.2 below shows that the students’ agreement to the speaking
tasks varied. This is shown from the range of the mean; i.e. 3.48 up to 4.08.
No. Reading Skills
Score Mean
Value
Category 5
4 3
2 1
1 Reading scientific
engineering text in road safety transport
management for comprehension
22 24 15 1 4.08
Useful
2 Reading manuals safety
rules warning signs 20 24 15 3
3.98 Useful
3 Reading English in
design drawings 15 22 19 5
1 3.72
Useful 4
Reading professional text i.e., rules of practice,
contracts 21 24 11 5
4.00 Useful
5 Reading written
instruction advice 11 20 19 12 0
3.48 Sometimes
useful Table 3.2
Example of analysis of mean and category of student questionnaire
I inferred from the table 3.2 above that none of those five reading activities are considered as a very useful activity. However, reading activity
—reading scientific engineering text in road safety transport management for
comprehension, reading manuals safety rules warning signs, reading English in
design drawings, reading professional text i.e., Rules of practice, contracts are considered as useful activities among those five activities. It is proven by the
mean value 4.08 and 3.98. However, reading activity —reading written
instructionadvice is considered as sometimes useful reading activity since the mean value of this activity is 3.48.
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
