3.5.1 Test
According to Brown 2004: 3, “A test is an equipment for measuring the
ability, knowledge, or performance of a person in a given domain.” In this research, I use two tests: pre-test and post-test. The pre-test is given
at the begining and the post-test is placed at the end. The comparison between the pre-test and post-test after using CLL
method scores will show the students‟ speaking ability for transactional conversation related to the students‟ fluency in
speaking. I use a live conversation as the test item for oral communication in this
research, since as stated by Brown 2004: 176, it is said to be the most credible, or natural type of speaking test.
3.5.1.1 Try-out of the Instrument
A test is good if the test is valid and reliable. The test that is given to the students should fulfill the qualities of a good test. The suitable way to make a
good test is through a try-out. A try-out is done before the test is administered to know the validity and reliability of the test items. After conducting the try out, it
can be seen which items should be used in the test. The try-out is conducted to the students in class VIII B on March 24
th
2011.
3.5.1.1.1 Discriminating Power
According to Arikunto 2006, “Discriminating power is calculated from
the number of students in the upper and lower group who answered correctly and the number of all students in the upper and lower group.
” To find out the
discriminating power of the instrument used in this research, I used the discriminating power formula:
where: DP : discriminating power
M
H
: mean for the upper group M
L
: mean for the lower group : the sum of deviation scores for the upper group
: the sum of deviation scores for the lower group n
i
: the number of students for the upper or lower group
The criteria are: NO
DISCRIMINATING POWER CATEGORY
1. 2.
3. 4.
D 0.2 0.30 D 0.4
0.4 D 0.7 0.7 D 1
POOR SATISFACTORY
GOOD EXCELLENT
The example of computation for item number 1 is:
t hitung = 7.772 t table = 2.101
So, the item number 1 is excellent.
From all of the computation, it is obtained that 2 items are poor, 2 items are satisfactory, 2 items are good, and 4 items are excellent.
Based on the analysis of validity, reliability, difficulty level, and discriminating power, finally 8 items from 10 items of the try out test are accepted
as the instrument. They are number 1,2,3,4,5,7,8, and10.
3.5.1.1.2 Level of Difficulty
Level of difficulty is calculated from the number of students who answer correctly and the total number of the students. A good test is a test which is not
too easy and difficult. To know the difficulty level of instrument used in this research, I used the level of difficulty formula:
Where, P: item difficulty
B: the number of the students who answered correctly JS: the total number of the students
According to Arikunto 2006:210, the item validity of the test is categorized into 3 levels; difficult, medium, and easy.
The criteria are: 0.0 P 0.30 is said to be difficult
0.30 P 0.70 is said to be medium 0.70 P 1.00 is said to be easy
The computation of level of difficulty for item number 1:
P = 24.5 + 19.5
72 = 0.61
So, the item number 1 is medium. From the computation of all items validity, it is found that there are 3
items are easy, 5 items are medium, and 2 items are difficult.
3.5.1.1.3 Validity of the Test
Kategori