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CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
Chapter III presents the method of investigation. It is divided into several parts. They are approach of the study, research design, population and sample,
variable, instrument for collecting data, method of collecting data, and method of analysing data.
3.1 Approach of the Study
The study approach I use in my reserach is descriptive quantitative. In conducting my research, I use experimental research design, especially pre
experimental research study which uses descriptive quantitative approach. It means that the data are analyzed quantitatively by using statistical procedures to
calculate the numeral data that are gathered. The descriptive quantitative approach is used to gather the numeral data from the experimental research which uses CLL
method to teach transactional conversation to imp rove students‟ speaking skill.
3.2 Research Design
In my research, I use pre experimental research study as my research design.
There are four kinds of pre experimental research study, they are one shot-case study, one group pre and post tests experimental design, experimental and control
groups post test only design, and two experimental groups post test only design Hartoyo, 2010. From kinds of pre experimental research design above, I use the
second design which is called one group pre and post tests design. In this research design, there is only one group that is used in experimental research. Therefore, I
only use one class as the experimental group in collecting the data, whereas the other classroom is used to measure the validity and reliability of the test items that
will be used in the experimental group. In this case, I use two classes as the try out group and the experimental group which the students have the same competence
for making this research more reliable. So, I decide to choose class VIII A for the experimental group and class VIII B for the try-out group.
There are some steps in conducting the research to get the data. Firstly, I choose the population, then, I take the sample. After that I conduct the try-out
activities to the try out group. Then, I conduct an experiment by giving a pre-test to the experimental group as a sample. Afterwards, I give treatment activities to
the students by using CLL method. After giving some treatments using CLL method, I give a post-test to them. It is essential to get the data about their
improvement in learning process especially speaking learning activity. The research design can be seen in table 3.1 as follows:
Table 3.1 Research Design
Pre-Test Treatment CLL method
Post-Test CLL method O
1
X O
2
Key: O
1
: giving the students a pre- test before conducting some treatments X: giving treatment to the students using CLL method
O
2:
giving a post-test to the students after receiving treatment using CLL method
.
3.3 Population and Sample
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