CODE MIXING IN MIA ARSJAD’S CINLOK ACCIDENTALLY IN LOVE.
CODE MIXING IN
MIA ARSJAD’S
CINLOK ACCIDENTALLY
IN LOVE
A THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
SARTIKA TAMPUBOLON
Registration Number: 209520013
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING
SkripsiinidiajukanolehSartikaTampubolon, NIM 209520013, JurusanBahasadanSastraInggris
Program StudisastraInggris S-1 FakultasBahasadanSeni UniversitasNegeri Medan
Dinyatakan telah memenuhi persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sastra
Medan,September 2016 Disetujuioleh: DosenPembimbingSkripsi
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. NIP. 19581021 198303 2 002
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN
Skripsi ini diajukan oleh: Sartika Tampubolon, NIM 209520013 Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Strata Satu Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni
Universitas Negeri Medan
Dinyatakan telah memenuhi persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Sastra
Panitia Ujian
Medan, September 2016 Ketua,
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. NIP. 19641207 199103 2 002
Sekretaris,
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. NIP. 19581021 198303 2 002
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ABSTRACT
Sartika, A. 2016. Code Mixing in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in Love. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.
This study deals with the types of code mixing in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in Love. The objectives of this study were to find out the type of code mixing dominantly used and to reason the way using of code mixing in dialogue context did the code mixing frequently used in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in love.
The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The findings show that all the types of code mixing occurred in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in love: they were inserting word 53,37%, inserting phrase 22,25%, inserting hybrid 12,85%, inserting word reduplication 0,95%, , inserting idiom and collocation 0,31%, inserting clause 6,27%. The most dominant types of code mixing were inserting word. And reason the using code mixing in Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in love novel are to beautify of language of the novel to get attention of the readers, make the novel more attractive, and enjoyable for the readers. It is hoped that the result of this study is useful to everyone who wants to study about code mixing.
Key Words : Sociolinguistics, Code Mixing, Mia Arsjad’s Cinlok Accidentally in Love
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The great thankfulness God, praises and glories to Jesus Christ for the blessing, mercy, and guidance in giving the writer full strength and patience to complete this thesis. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer has been helped by a lot of beloved people especially for the loyal supporters. Therefore, the writer would like to express her sincere and greatest gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department, and as her Thesis Adviser and as the Angel for her finding problem solving as long as finishing her thesis. Who has given her suggestions and comments to revew and revise this thesis.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature Department and as Reviewer and Examiner, who has given her goodnes, patients, support, and problem solving finishing this thesis.
Nora Ronita Dewi S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Study Program. And as her Reviewer and Examiner who has given her guidance, support.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., as Reviewer and Examiner, who has given her giudance, support, and comments.
Mam Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, S.Pd., M.Pd., for her kind help in providing academic administrations to the writer. The best family of the author, her beloved Mother, Mrs. L. R. Samosir, her beloved father, Mr. M Tampubolon, her sisters Sherly Marlinton and Jesika Mariana, and her brother Ervandy Fransiskus, Jhon Morris, Eno Vendry for their endless love, support, encouragement, motivation, prayers,
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and laughter shared during the writer’s life. Her loves them so much. Also her great family for the support during the completion of this thesis.
The especially thanks for Christan & Melisa (yaya) for giving her laughter and hapine, support juring completed her thesis.
The writer`s best colleagues : Safriana Silitonga, Lenny R. Situmorang, for the friendship, togetherness, helps, laugh and tears, and for all the sweet and happy memories shared.
And great thankfull for Westlife and their Songs, especially for Mark Feehely for giving her motivated by hearing all the songs when typing her thesis. All Students of English Department in Applied Linguistics A and B Reg’09, that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for their support, info, assistance, and best moment ever during the academic year.
Everyone who has been involved directly or indirectly in the writing of this thesis that cannot be mentioned one by one, and thanks for all the memories that the writer got during her study at this beloved campus. Thank you very much. God bless. Amin.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not complete, may all the assistance can be their charity.
Medan, September 2016 The Writer,
Sartika Tampubolon
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ... iv
LIST OF TABLES ... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ... vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1
A.Background of the Study ... 1
B.The Problems of the Study ... 5
C.The Scope of the Study ... 6
D.The Objective of the Study ... 6
E. The Significance of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 8
A.Theoretical Framework ... 8
1. Sociolinguistics ... 8
2. Bilingualism ... 8
3. Code Mixing ... 10
a. Cause Factors of Code Mixing ... 11
b. Types of Code Mixing ... 13
4. Text ... 15
5. Novel ... 15
a. The form of Text in Novel ... 16
1. Dialogue ... 16
2. Narrative ... 16
b. About Cinlok Accidentally in Love ... 16
B.Relevant Studies ... 18
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CHAPTER III. METHOD OF RESEARCH ... 20
A.Research Method ... 20
B.Source of Data ... 20
C.Technique for Collecting Data ... 20
D.Technique for Analyzing Data ... 21
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 22
A.Data ... 22
B.Data Analysis ... 22
C.Research Findings ... 52
D.Discussion ... 53
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 54
A.Conclusion ... 54
B.Suggestion ... 54
REFERENCES ... 55 APPENDIX
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vi LIST OF TABLES
Table
2.1. Example of Each Types on Indonesia – English ... 15 4.1. Data of Code Mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in love ... 22 4.2. The Analysis of Code Mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in Love ... 23 4.3. The Percentage of Types of Code Mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.The Background of the Study
Language is the one of the most powerful emblems of social behavior. It means that language is important for human being. There is human, there is language. That is the fact, between human and language is tightly united. Using of language to send social messages about us, where we come from, and who we associate with.
Language is used by the people as a tool of communication to express their thought, feeling, and idea. (Morley 2000: 7) states that language represents just one of the ways in which we as humans can behave, that is to say can perform a behavioral act. We can of course behave without resorting to the use of language. For example, we can play the piano, maw the lawn or coo the dinner. We frequently partly with the assistance of language, as for example when we great someone by shaking hands at the same time as saying Hello, Jill. Pleased to meet you or when we offer to help with the washing up by asking Can I give you a hand? as we pick up a tea towel and start to dry the dishes. But a great deal of our behavior is performed by the using of language alone, e.g. Can you tell me the way to the Post Office, please? Would you like a cup of tea?.
Basiclly, language is divided in to two types; by spoken and written. Spoken language is language produce, in spontaneous form, for example in a speech, while written language is language in which a language provided directly
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by the text through a certain media such a novel, book, magazine, newspaper, article, etc.
Nowadays, both spoken and written language as been developed and the development bring the language use into some variations of language. Since English is declared as the International language, now people were initiated to use English and the spread it out the others. Western culture has been spread in Indonesia especially in language terms. As a consequence, most of the Indonesian people use the variety of language.
Every region in Indonesia has a language to communicate among people inside it to get certain goal, such as when someone ask the others to do something and in other to keep politeness, for example Javanese language is used among Javanese, Batak language is used among Bataknese, Sunda language is used among Sundanese, etc.
The phenomenon of code mixing language in Indonesia can be found in many aspects, for example films, poem, song in lyric Martina I Love You by Trio Batak Eleksis, novel Cinlok accidentally in Love by Mia Arsjad@work. In this study the researcher only focused on the code mixing phenomenon in a novel entitled Cinlok accidentally in Love.
Novel deals with human character in social situation, man as a social being, long story usually imaginary and events. Hudson (2003:163) confirms that a novel is concerned directly with life, between man and woman, their thought and feelings, with their passion and motives by which they are governed and impelled, and with their joys and sorrow, their struggles, successes and failures.
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Novel and invented prose narrative of considerable and a certain complexity that deals imaginatively with human experience, usually through a connected sequence of events involving a group of person in as, the specific setting. Within is broad framework, the genre of the novel has encompassed an extensive range of types and styles: picaresque, epistolary, gothic, romantic, realist, historical to name of the more important ones.
Nowadays, many authors in Indonesia write their novel in bilingual language form as the writing style to make the novel more attractive and to get attention of the readers. To make the novel enjoy able, the author must be creative to beautify the language through the word choice to make it interesting and to get the reader’s attention.
In this study, the researcher using a novel entitled Cinlok Accidentally in love by Mia Arsjad. For the first time the researcher interested in case using code mixing in giving title of the novel. Actually, in dialogue also the novel consist of code mixing types of code mixing. For example, ‘’parfumnya yang macho tapi lembut mampir ke hidung Shani’.Wajah Eri semakin dekat. That is Insertion type of code mixing. Whereas this sentence is ’’ Shan, lo ngomong sama gue lho. I ‘m expert on that kind of things!. type Insertion sentence. This study investigated the types of code mixing which occur in the dialogues spoken by the main characters and the reason why character mix their dialogue.
In general, people who live in multilingual community, deal with the code mixing phenomenon. Code mixing is the condition in which a conversant is using two languages together by changing from a language to the other in the course of
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the single utterance. Wardhaugh(1986: 103). Code mixing phenomenon is deeply discussed in sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is a part of linguistics that concerns with language as a social and cultural phenomenon. One of the variations of language use is code mixing in which elements of one language are used within a sentence or discourse I another language (Nababan, 1978).
The researcher is interested to do such investigation to analyze the code mixing phenomenon in Cinlok Acci dentally in Love since the author mixed up of Indonesian-English code mixing in expressing her thought, feeling and ideas. In analyzing the data, the writer used the theory of code mixing proposed by Kachru (1983), with the theory of types of code mixing; unit insertion, unit hybridization, sentence insertion, idiom and collocation, and reduplication. The unit insertion is code mixing process that inserting the word, phrase, or clause into a sentence from the other language. The unit hybridization is code mixing process occurs in the phrase level within a sentence. The sentence insertion is the code mixing process that inserts the sentence from one language to another language. The idiom and collocation insertion is code mixing process that involves the idiom and collocation from the other language. The last, reduplication, is code mixing process that the repeat the same meaning in two languages.
The following is the sentences taken from Cinlok Accidentaly in Love to point out the code mixing phenomenon in the novel.
- Shani tak perlu buang waktu untuk menekan nomor telepon dan menunggu nada sambung. Nanti mood-nya keburu hilang.
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- ‘’oke. Nanti waktu break sama selesai kelas, aku telepon kamu, ya?’’ Shani merapikan sejumput rambutnya.
- Selebihnya jins dan T-Shirt ’ketat. Malah Shani sengaja membeli beberapa tank-top baru. Tapi siapa sangka ? kantornya sedingin kulkas.
- Setelah Tanya kanan-kiri dengan muka panik, akhirnya ruang kelas training ketemu juga.
From example above it can be seen that the code mixing phenomenon occurs in the sentence. There are two types of code mixing occurs in those sentences, insertion unit and hybridization unit. Insertion unit is for the word insertion; break,t-shirt, tank-top, training. And hybridization unit for mood-nya.
B.The Problem of The Study
In this study, the researcher would like to analyze the code mixing phenomenon used in “Cinlok Accidentally in Love novel. The problem of the study were formulated as the following :
1. What types of Indonesian – English code mixing are used in Cinlok Accidentally in Love novel?
2. What is the dominant type of Indonesian – English code mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in Love novel ?
3. Why is the code mixing used in the way it is in Cinlok Accidentally in Love novel ?
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C.The Scope of the Study
This study focused on finding the types of code mixing, specifically on Indonesian – English code mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in Love. Indonesian – English code mixing phenomenon happened in which Indonesian as the major language mixed up with the minor language in the word, phrase, clause of sentence form. Indonesian as the dominant language mixed up with English, the embedded language.
D. The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the research problems the objectives of the research were 1. To describe types Indonesian-English code mixing used in Cinlok
accidentally in love novel,
2. To derive dominant type of Indonesian-English code mixing used in Cinlok accidentally in love novel, and
3. To reason the way using of code mixing in Cinlok accidentally in love novel.
E. The Significance of the Study
Findings were expected to be useful both in theoretically and practically. 1. Theoretically, the finding can add up theories in sociolinguistics. In
addition the finding can be reference for further skills.
2. Practically, it is expected the study will be a useful input for English students to make a further research of code mixing phenomenon in novel or in another setting of language use, and enrich their understand about
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code mixing phenomenon, especially in novel, and finally for the readers who are interested in doing the linguistics research especially in sociolinguistics study.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Based on the data analysis, the conclusions were stated as the followings : 1. There were six types of code mixing used in Cinlok Accidentally in Love ,
it consists of 183 (53,37%) inserting word, 71 (22,25%) inserting phrase, 41 (12,85%) inserting hybrid, 3 (0,95%) inserting word reduplication, 1 (0,31%) inserting idiom and collocation, 20 (6,27%) inserting clause. Therefore, there are 193 patterns which are included type of code mixing used by the author of Cinlok Accidentally in Love.
2. The type of code mixing is frequently used by inserting word (53,37%). The dominant type is inserting word because she just insert the code mixing into the stucture of the sentence of her sentence in the novel. 3. Inserting word as the dominant type because it is the easiest way to do
code mixing by insert the unit of a language into other language.
B. Suggestions
Related to the findings, the suggestions were formulated as the followings :
1. The student can add up theories in sociolinguistics. In addition the finding can be reference for further skills. It is also expected the study will be useful input for English Students to make a further research of code mixing phenomenon in novel or in another setting of language.
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2. And the Indonesian author will be inspired to use another type of language vaiation in arranging the sentences of their writing, especially for the novel to create an attractive style of writing.
3. By reading this research futher can be a reference for tearcher and useful to giving explanation about type of code mixing for the students.
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REFERENCES
Breadsmore, H.B. 1982. Bilingualism : Basic Principles. Cleveron :Wrije Univerteit Brussel.
Chambers, J.K. (2002). Studying Language Variation: An Informal Epistemology.In Chambers etal.
Denzim and Lincoin. 2003. Research Methodology. New York.
Fishman, J.A. 1972. Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Gramley, S., Patzold, K.M., A Survey of Modern English, London, Routledge,
1992
Gumperz, J. J. (1971) Language in Social Groups. Stanford: Stanford University Press
H. Potter Abbott; The Cambridge to Narrative.
Hudson, W.H. 2003. An Introduction to The Study of English Literature. Delhi: A.I.T.B.S
Kachru, B. 1983.Other Tongue: English Across Cultures.University of lllinois.Press.
Morley, G.D. Linguistics Syntax in Funtional Grammar. Continuum: London New York.
Muysken , P. 2000. Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Nababan, PWJ. (1978). Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code Mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Nazir, M. 1993. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia. Ohoiwutun, P. 1997. Sociolinguistics. Jakarta: Visipro.
Siburian, H.A. Bilingualism and Multilingualism: A Brief Introduction of Sociolinguistics. Medan State University.
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Trudgill, P. 1974. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. England: Penguin Books.
Wardhaugh, R 1986. An Introduction to sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basic Blackwell Ltd
Wardhaugh, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Ltd
William Harmon & C. Hugh Holman; A Handbook to Literature. www.Hargrove.org/html/dialogue.html. retreived on 1995.
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C.The Scope of the Study
This study focused on finding the types of code mixing, specifically on Indonesian – English code mixing in Cinlok Accidentally in Love. Indonesian – English code mixing phenomenon happened in which Indonesian as the major language mixed up with the minor language in the word, phrase, clause of sentence form. Indonesian as the dominant language mixed up with English, the embedded language.
D. The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the research problems the objectives of the research were 1. To describe types Indonesian-English code mixing used in Cinlok
accidentally in love novel,
2. To derive dominant type of Indonesian-English code mixing used in
Cinlok accidentally in love novel, and
3. To reason the way using of code mixing in Cinlok accidentally in love
novel.
E. The Significance of the Study
Findings were expected to be useful both in theoretically and practically. 1. Theoretically, the finding can add up theories in sociolinguistics. In
addition the finding can be reference for further skills.
2. Practically, it is expected the study will be a useful input for English students to make a further research of code mixing phenomenon in novel or in another setting of language use, and enrich their understand about
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code mixing phenomenon, especially in novel, and finally for the readers who are interested in doing the linguistics research especially in sociolinguistics study.
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54
Based on the data analysis, the conclusions were stated as the followings : 1. There were six types of code mixing used in Cinlok Accidentally in Love ,
it consists of 183 (53,37%) inserting word, 71 (22,25%) inserting phrase, 41 (12,85%) inserting hybrid, 3 (0,95%) inserting word reduplication, 1 (0,31%) inserting idiom and collocation, 20 (6,27%) inserting clause. Therefore, there are 193 patterns which are included type of code mixing used by the author of Cinlok Accidentally in Love.
2. The type of code mixing is frequently used by inserting word (53,37%). The dominant type is inserting word because she just insert the code mixing into the stucture of the sentence of her sentence in the novel. 3. Inserting word as the dominant type because it is the easiest way to do
code mixing by insert the unit of a language into other language.
B. Suggestions
Related to the findings, the suggestions were formulated as the followings :
1. The student can add up theories in sociolinguistics. In addition the finding can be reference for further skills. It is also expected the study will be useful input for English Students to make a further research of code mixing phenomenon in novel or in another setting of language.
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2. And the Indonesian author will be inspired to use another type of language vaiation in arranging the sentences of their writing, especially for the novel to create an attractive style of writing.
3. By reading this research futher can be a reference for tearcher and useful to giving explanation about type of code mixing for the students.
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REFERENCES
Breadsmore, H.B. 1982. Bilingualism : Basic Principles. Cleveron :Wrije Univerteit Brussel.
Chambers, J.K. (2002). Studying Language Variation: An Informal
Epistemology.In Chambers etal.
Denzim and Lincoin. 2003. Research Methodology. New York.
Fishman, J.A. 1972. Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Gramley, S., Patzold, K.M., A Survey of Modern English, London, Routledge,
1992
Gumperz, J. J. (1971) Language in Social Groups. Stanford: Stanford University Press
H. Potter Abbott; The Cambridge to Narrative.
Hudson, W.H. 2003. An Introduction to The Study of English Literature. Delhi: A.I.T.B.S
Kachru, B. 1983.Other Tongue: English Across Cultures.University of lllinois.Press.
Morley, G.D. Linguistics Syntax in Funtional Grammar. Continuum: London New York.
Muysken , P. 2000. Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Nababan, PWJ. (1978). Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code Mixing.
Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Nazir, M. 1993. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia. Ohoiwutun, P. 1997. Sociolinguistics. Jakarta: Visipro.
Siburian, H.A. Bilingualism and Multilingualism: A Brief Introduction of
Sociolinguistics. Medan State University.
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57
Trudgill, P. 1974. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society.
England: Penguin Books.
Wardhaugh, R 1986. An Introduction to sociolinguistics. Oxford: Basic Blackwell Ltd
Wardhaugh, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Ltd
William Harmon & C. Hugh Holman; A Handbook to Literature.
www.Hargrove.org/html/dialogue.html. retreived on 1995.