21 vice versa. It can be concluded that the more motivation that is owned by
someone, the clearer action or behavior that will be done. According to a theory named Expectancy theory, someone will behave in a certain way if there is a
motivation that leads him to choose that behavior because they want a specific result from that behavior.
There are two kinds of motivation according to Lai 2011, which are internal and external motivation. Internal motivation usually comes from an
interest from the action, so it comes more from the individual himself rather than desire of a reward or external pressure. Meanwhile, external motivation comes
from external pressure, such as threat of punishment or the desire to get a reward. Therefore, it can be concluded that internal motivation appears because of the
individual himself while the external motivation appears because of the influences from the outside of the individual. Baumeister Vohs 2007 specify that this
refers to the motivation one has to meet the goal or standard. The lack of motivation will cause the failure of self-regulation although the other components
have been fulfilled. It can happen because people will try to reach their standard if there is motivation to make him move or take an action.
c. Monitoring of Situations and Thoughts that Precede Breaking Standards
People also need to keep track of behaviors that have already met the standards in order to make the self-regulation succeed. According to Zimmerman
2000, personal, behavioral and environmental factors are constantly changing over the course of performance. Therefore, people need to be more aware of the
changes. Baumeister Bushman 2008 said that feedback of self-regulation is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
22 referred to TOTE test, operate, test, and exit. The first step, people will compare
themselves to the standards. If it still does not meet the standards, they will make changes to make them closer to the standards. According to Baumeister Vohs
2007, after making the changes, people for once again will compare themselves to their standards, and it will be repeated until they finally can meet the standards.
Therefore, monitoring is affected by the standards. People also tend to choose comparing themselves with the others who has similar or higher ability. By doing
comparison, they will know which has already been good and which has not. However, according to Bandura 1986, it will be better if people judge
themselves by seeing their own ability and standards rather than by comparing themselves against others. It provides the benefits of personal challenge and their
own success so that they can develop themselves to be a better person without doing social comparison.
d. Willpower as the Internal Strength to Control Urges
Baumeister and Vohs 2007 found that changing own self is difficult and therefore requires a certain amount of strength. There are many people believe
that willpower can help them to improve their lives. Some scientists said that whether your goal is to lose weight, kick a smoking habit, study more, or spend
less time on Facebook, willpower is a critical step to achieve that outcome. At its essence, willpower is the ability to resist short-term temptations in order to meet
long-term goals. Actually, there are some arguments about willpower from the researchers.
According to Szalavitz 2012, some researchers argue that willpower is a limited PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
