20 regulation has focused on the individual‘s capacity to monitor and modify
behavior Efklides, Niemivirta, Yamauchi, 2002. It can be said that behavior can be changed every time based on the results of their monitoring. There are four
components that have to be done in doing self-regulation according to Baumeister 2007, namely:
a. Standards of Desirable Behavior
People often change their behavior based on their ideal, goal or demand that they interpret from society or from someone. Baumeister Bushman 2008
said that when people feel that they do not fill up their own standards, they will change their behavior to meet their standards that have been made. The standard
itself can still be developed. It can happen because of the society evaluate someone‘s behavior or because of the individual that makes an evaluation to
himself. Therefore, the standards can still be changed or developed because those can be influenced by the others. People tend to raise their standards when they
succeed to do some things and to lower the standards if they meet many failures. The higher the standards, someone tend to view an achievement as failures.
Baumeister Vohs 2010 said that the clearer the standards, the more effective self-regulation will be done because ambiguous self-regulation is proven to be
very difficult to do.
b. Motivation to Meet Standards
Motivation is one of the reasons of peoples actions, desires, and needs. According to Ellliot and Covington 2001, motivation can also be defined as
ones direction to behavior, or what causes a person wants to repeat a behavior and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
21 vice versa. It can be concluded that the more motivation that is owned by
someone, the clearer action or behavior that will be done. According to a theory named Expectancy theory, someone will behave in a certain way if there is a
motivation that leads him to choose that behavior because they want a specific result from that behavior.
There are two kinds of motivation according to Lai 2011, which are internal and external motivation. Internal motivation usually comes from an
interest from the action, so it comes more from the individual himself rather than desire of a reward or external pressure. Meanwhile, external motivation comes
from external pressure, such as threat of punishment or the desire to get a reward. Therefore, it can be concluded that internal motivation appears because of the
individual himself while the external motivation appears because of the influences from the outside of the individual. Baumeister Vohs 2007 specify that this
refers to the motivation one has to meet the goal or standard. The lack of motivation will cause the failure of self-regulation although the other components
have been fulfilled. It can happen because people will try to reach their standard if there is motivation to make him move or take an action.
c. Monitoring of Situations and Thoughts that Precede Breaking Standards
People also need to keep track of behaviors that have already met the standards in order to make the self-regulation succeed. According to Zimmerman
2000, personal, behavioral and environmental factors are constantly changing over the course of performance. Therefore, people need to be more aware of the
changes. Baumeister Bushman 2008 said that feedback of self-regulation is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
