Medan Listrik, Potensial Listrik, dan Kapasitor
93
- O
6D6B2?82? - E2D2?
3652AD6?C:2=0 2A2C:D2?C:02D2E
2A2C:D2C2A2C:DBD:525:A6?82BE9:=69A6BE3292?E2D2?52? AD6?C:2==:CDB:
52D:82;6?:C2A2C:DBI2?832?I25:8E?22?I2:DE 2
,0+..0
6BD2CA2522A2C:DB:?:36B7E?8C:C63282:A6?I62D5:
2?D2B265E2A6=2D=82 3
,0+.2.
2A2C:DB:?:5:8E?22?52=2B2?82:2?A6?2=2
A252A6C2G2DB25: 4
,0+.0.+0+
2A2C:DB;6?:C:?:6:=::2A2C:D2?C:A2=:?8
D:?88:I2:DEC2A2:56?82?
A
Gambar 4.22
a Kapasitor kertas; b Kapasitor variabel;
c Kapasitor elektrolit. kertas
lempeng logam keping
bergerak
keping tetap kapasitor elektrolit
-63E292A2C:DB5::C:=6932D6B2:F=DC69:?88236BE2D2?
.6?DE2?=29 2
2A2C:D2C2A2C:DBD6BC63ED
3
E2D2?I2?8D6BC:A2?52=22A2C:DB;:25:E2D:32D6B2:F=D :
:6D29E: F=D-
P
O
2
2A2C:D2C2A2C:DB5:9:DE?856?82?6723
-
3
E2D2?I2?8D6BC:A2?5:A6B=6956?82?A6BC222? -
P
O
3. Kapasitor Keping Sejajar
+252
.-16;6=2E2?A6?6=:D:2?D6?D2?8A6?82BE9 A6?8:C:2?BE2?85:2?D2B2A6=2D A6=2D2A2C:DB56?82?6?88E?22?3292?
5:6=6DB:
6; 6?88E?22?5E22A2C:DBI2?8:56?D:
:C2=29 C2DE2A2C:DB5:D6A2D2?CE2DE3292?5:6=6DB:C652?82?2A2C:DB
=2:??I236B:C:E52B2A252D62?2??B2=
6E5:2?65E22A2C:DB D6BC63ED5:36B:AD6?C:2==:CDB:I2?8C2236C2B?I2C6A6BD:5:DE?;E2?
=6926
6=2=E:6CA6B:6?D6BC63ED6;6A6B=6992C:= CA6D2E=6B
E2D2?5:2A2C:DBI2?86?82?5E?85:6=6DB:;2E9=63:9
36C2B52B:A252E2D2?5:2A2C:DBI2?86?82?5E?8E52B2
Contoh
4.13 Tugas Anda 4.2
Berdasarkan kepolarannya, dikenal dua jenis kapasitor, yaitu kapasitor
polar dan kapasitor non-polar. Coba Anda cari informasi mengenai
perbedaan di antara keduanya.
2 3
4
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
94 1
-:72D C:72D52B:636B2A2:6=6DB:
-3 437838.1086.0 0983.1086.0
022
02E 52B2
:B O
6BD2C :26B2956=:2
,E33I:42 +BC6=6?
G2BC2I2?85:=63EB 6=2CA:B6H
26=:D +=:6D=6?
36B .67=?
6AB6? :?I2DB2?C7B2DB
.:D2?:E5:C:52 +=:CD:B6?
=692B6?2E2D2?-=63:936C2BE?DEI2?8C22A2522A2C:DB I2?86?82?5E?85:6=6DB:
6B52C2B2?A6BC222?
- 5:A6B=69
92C:=329G22A2C:D2CC63E292A2C:DB22? 36BD2329 36C2B 2:32D A6?6A2D2?3292?5:6=6DB:5:2?D2B2A6=2D A6=2D2A2C:DB
-:72D C:72D:?:252=29:B2 :B2A252D6A6B2DEB22B52?E?DE?5:C: ?5:C: C656::2?BEA2C69:?882652?=:CDB:5:52=25:6=6DB:D:5236BE329
56?82?G2DE ?:=298B25:6?AD6?C:2=2C:EI2?8E?8:?D6B52A2D5:52=25:6=6DB:
D2?A2D6B;25:?I268282=2?=:CDB:0.. +3
:6=6DB:C6B:?82=: 5:D6A2D2?5:2?D2B2A=2D A=2DA6?892?D2BE?DE6?8:B:2?CE2DEA6B36522?
AD6?C:2=I2?8=63:9D:?88:E?DE5:A22:2?5:2?D2B2A=2D A=2DD6BC63ED52B:A252 A6B36522?AD6?C:2=I2?8E?8:?5:52A2D56?82?6?88E?22?E52B2C63282:
5:6=6DB:
+6B92D:2? 26
2A2C:DB6A:?8 C6;2;2BD6B5:B:2D2C5E2 6A:?8=82I2?8D6BA2C2?8C6;2;2BA252;2B2A:C29 6D6BI2?8;2E9
=63:964:=52B:=E2C6A:?8 65E26A:?8D6BC63ED5:36B:E2D2?-
I2?8C2236C2BD6D2A:D:52C6;6?:C :25:2?D2B26A:?8C6;2;2B252=29E52B2F2E2A2C:D2?C:2A2C:DB
66?E9:A6BC222?36B:ED O
6D6B2?82? =E2C6A:?8
;2B22?D2B6A:?8 A6B:D:F:D2CF2EE52B2P
O
Gambar 4.24
Kapasitor keping sejajar dihubungkan dengan
sumber tegangan V.
Gambar 4.23
a Baterai B menyebabkan perbedaan potensial yang sama
pada setiap kapasitor; kapasitor dengan bahan dielektrik memiliki
muatan yang lebih banyak. b Kedua kapasitor mengangkut
muatan yang sama. Kapasitor dengan bahan dielektrik memiliki
perbedaan potensial lebih rendah, seperti ditunjukkan oleh
pembacaan alat ukur. bahan dielektrik
udara
2
3
E
– q + q
V A
d
Sumber: Fundamental of Physics, 2001
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Medan Listrik, Potensial Listrik, dan Kapasitor
95
4. Dielektrik pada Kapasitor
