Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
92
D. Kapasitor
1. Muatan pada Kapasitor
+6B?2929?5266B92D:2?A?6? A?6?I2?82525: 52=22=2D6=6DB?:C6A6BD:D6=6F:C:52?B25:2A2C:DB2D2E?56?C2DB
252=29C2=29C2DEA?6?6=6DB?:I2?82525:52=2?I2
+6B92D:2? 26
2A2C:DB2D2E?56?C2DB252=295E23E29A6?892?D2B
A6=2D?5EDBI2?85:A:C292?=69CE2DE+0+.2D2EJ2D 0. E?DE6A6B=69E2D2?I2?8C22D6D2A:36B=2G2?2?;6?:C
2A2C:DB
36B7E?8C:E?DE6?I:A2?6?6B8:AD6?C:2==:CDB: ?5252A2D632I2?82?C63E29EC292E?DE636B:2?E2D2?
A2522A2C:DB56?82?42B2EDE3AC:D:732D6B2:6?2B:6=6DB?A252 6A:?8C636=29:B:9:?8826A:?8D6BC63ED6?;25:36BE2D2?AC:D:7
52? 6?5B?8 6=6DB? 6=6DB? D6BC63ED 6 6A:?8 C636=29 2?2? 6?;25:36BE2D2??682D:79:?88265E26A:?86:=::E2D2?C22
92?I2;6?:C?I2I2?836B3652
+BC6CA6BA:?5292?6=6DB?52B:6A:?8 :B:66A:?82?2?6=2=E:6?6B8:::252B:32D6B2:I2?836B=2?8CE?8
D6BEC 6?6BECC2A2:3652AD6?C:2=2?D2B26A:?8C2256?82?3652 AD6?C:2=I2?85::=::32D6B2:
-2A2:29:B?I22A2C:DBD6=29A6?E9
E2D2?52?D:5252A2D5::C:=28: 2A2C:DB5:C:3=2?56?82?
2A2C:DB5:8E?22?E?DE 2
6?I:A2?E2D2?2D2E6?6B8:=:CDB:
3
C63282:C2=29C2DEA?6?52=2B2?82:2?A6?2=2I2?836B8E?2 E?DE6:=:97B6E6?C:A252A6C2G2DB25:52?
4
6?46829=?42D2?=:CDB:A252B2?82:2? B2?82:2?I2?86?82?5E?8 EA2B2?;:2D:32 D:322BEC=:CDB:5:AEDEC2?
e
–
– +
Gambar 4.20
Proses pengisian muatan pada kapasitor.
keping konduktor
isolator keping
konduktor
3
E
Gambar 4.21
a Jenis kapasitor; b Skema kapasitor.
2
2. Kapasitas Kapasitor
?52E?8:?A6B?296=:92D2A2C:DBD6BED2252=2A6B2=2D2? 6=6DB?:
:2 C63E29 2A2C:DB 5:9E3E?82? 56?82? CE36B 3652
AD6?C:2=I2?836BE329 E32922E2D2?I2?8D6BC:A2?5:52=2?I2 AE?36BE329 E329
?CD2? -
- -
- +6B32?5:?82? - 52? D6BC63ED 5:?222? 2A2C:D2C 2A2C:DB I2?8
92B82?I2?CD2?E?DED:2A2A2C:DBC69:?88252=236?DE2D62D:C 5:DE=:CC63282:36B:ED
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Medan Listrik, Potensial Listrik, dan Kapasitor
93
- O
6D6B2?82? - E2D2?
3652AD6?C:2=0 2A2C:D2?C:02D2E
2A2C:D2C2A2C:DBD:525:A6?82BE9:=69A6BE3292?E2D2?52? AD6?C:2==:CDB:
52D:82;6?:C2A2C:DBI2?832?I25:8E?22?I2:DE 2
,0+..0
6BD2CA2522A2C:DB:?:36B7E?8C:C63282:A6?I62D5:
2?D2B265E2A6=2D=82 3
,0+.2.
2A2C:DB:?:5:8E?22?52=2B2?82:2?A6?2=2
A252A6C2G2DB25: 4
,0+.0.+0+
2A2C:DB;6?:C:?:6:=::2A2C:D2?C:A2=:?8
D:?88:I2:DEC2A2:56?82?
A
Gambar 4.22
a Kapasitor kertas; b Kapasitor variabel;
c Kapasitor elektrolit. kertas
lempeng logam keping
bergerak
keping tetap kapasitor elektrolit
-63E292A2C:DB5::C:=6932D6B2:F=DC69:?88236BE2D2?
.6?DE2?=29 2
2A2C:D2C2A2C:DBD6BC63ED
3
E2D2?I2?8D6BC:A2?52=22A2C:DB;:25:E2D:32D6B2:F=D :
:6D29E: F=D-
P
O
2
2A2C:D2C2A2C:DB5:9:DE?856?82?6723
-
3
E2D2?I2?8D6BC:A2?5:A6B=6956?82?A6BC222? -
P
O
3. Kapasitor Keping Sejajar
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