Medan Listrik, Potensial Listrik, dan Kapasitor
85
4. Perhitungan Medan Listrik dengan Menggunakan Hukum Gauss
a. Medan Listrik pada Keping Sejajar
652?=:CDB:5:2?D2B2A6=2DC6;2;2B52A2D5:9:DE?856?82?E529 6?88E?22?EE2ECC
E23E29A6=2D6A:?8I2?86:=::=E2C
2C:?8 2C:?85:36B:E2D2?C22D6BC632B6B2D2D6D2A:36B=2G2?2? ;6?:CI2:DE-52?O-C6A6BD:A25226
,2A2DE2D2? D:2A
6A:?8 5:567:?:C:2? C63282: E2D2? - A6B C2DE2? =E2C -642B2 2D62D:C5:DE=:C2?C63282:36B:ED
Gambar 4.12
Medan listrik antara dua keping sejajar dengan rapat
muatan dan
.
- O
E2D652?=:CDB:A252A6=2D?5EDB5:D6?DE2?36B52C2B2? ?C6A EE 2ECC
2B2?I2 56?82? 63E2D CE2DE A6BE22?
D6BDEDEAC6A6BD:C:=:?56BE?DE6E5292?A6B9:DE?82?
+6B92D:2?
26 6B52C2B2?6723
7=EC=:CDB:A252C:=:?56BD6BDEDEA
D6BC63ED252=29
C:=:?56BD6BDEDEA
4CL 4CL
4CL =692B6?2
22
C:=:?56BD6BDEDEA
6B52C2B2?6723
5:52A2D2?A6BC222?
C:=:?56BD6BDEDEA
- C69:?882
- -
=69 2B6?2 - B2A2D E2D2? 22 E2D 652? =:CDB: I2?8
5:D:3E=2?=69C2DEA6=2D?5EDB5:?I2D22?56?82?A6BC222? O
6?82?56::2?36C2B?I2E2D652?=:CDB:I2?85:D:3E=2? =695E2A6=2D?5EDB5:?I2D22?56?82?A6BC222?
O 6D6B2?82?
B2A2DE2D2? A6B:D:F:D2CBE2?892A2P
O
3
?DECE5ED L
4C
L
P
O
13 4
?DECE5ED
L
4C
L
P
O
13
Gambar 4.13
Perhitungan kuat medan listrik E pada pelat konduktor
menggunakan permukaan tertutup silinder berdasarkan
Hukum Gauss. E
1
A
1
E
2
A
2
E
3
A
3
E
Kata Kunci
• medan listrik • garis-garis gaya
• fluks • fluks listrik
• keping sejajar • bola konduktor
• permukaan Gauss
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
86
b. Kuat Medan Listrik pada Bola Konduktor Berongga
+6B92D:2?26
:2652=2?5EDB3=236B?882 I2?836B;2B: ;2B:5:36B:C6;E=29E2D2?AC:D:72D2EE2D2??682D:7
E2D2?D6BC63ED22?D6BC632B6B2D292?I25:A6BE22?3=2
52AE? 5:52=23=2D:52D6B52A2DE2D2?=:CDB:
6B52C2B2?EE2ECC
52A2D5:D6?DE2?36C2B652?=:CDB:5:52=22EAE?5:=E2B3=2I2?8 36C2B?I2
- 2D2E
- O
:328:2?52=23=256?82?.36C2B?I2652?=:CDB:
2= D6BC63ED5:C63232?36C2B?I2E2D2?I2?85:=:?8EA:A6BE22?2ECC
-
52AE?E?DEA6BE22?2ECC56?82?.36C2B?I2E2D2? =:CDB:I2?85:=:?8EA:A6BE22?2ECCC2256?82?;E=29E2D2?
=:CDB:A2523=2D6BC63ED
6?82?56::2?652?=:CDB:5:A6BE22? 2ECC252=29
- -
- .
. .
E2D652?=:CDB:5:=E2B3=252A2D5:A6B=6956?82?6?82?882A3=2 C63282:E2D2?=:CDB:I2?8D6B=6D25:AEC2D3=2
25:C642B26C6=EBE92?
652?=:CDB:5:C6:D2B3=236B?882252=29 M 5:52=23=22B6?2-
M 5:A6BE22?3=2 -
M 5:=E2BA6BE22?3=2 -
.
Gambar 4.14
Bola konduktor berongga yang memiliki jari-jari R.
r = jarak titik ke pusat bola.
Gambar 4.15
Grafik E terhadap r untuk bola konduktor berongga.
R a
E
r = R r
E = 0
Tes Kompetensi Subbab
B
6031-1290918.-3 -63E296=6DB?5:D6322?56?82?646A2D2?2G2=
P CC62B2956?82?E2D652?=:CDB:I2?8
36C2B?I2P .6?DE2?=29
2
2A2?6=6DB?22?36B96?D: 3
;2B2I2?85:D6AE9?I2
+6B92D:2?8232B36B:ED
-63E296=6DB?O
P
O
P
O
8 5:=6A2C2?D2?A2646A2D2?2G2=52B:C:C:A6=2D6A:?8
36BE2D2??682D:752?5:A6B46A2D6?E;EA6=2DAC:D:7 :2;2B22?D2B2A6=2D452?652?=:CDB:
D6?DE2?=29 2
36C2BA6B46A2D2?6=6DB?
3
G2DEI2?85:A6B=E2?6=6DB?E?DE6?42A2: A6=2DAC:D:7
4
=2;E6=6DB?C22DD:325:A6=2DAC:D:7 E23E29A2BD:6=36BE2D2?D6B=6D2A252C2DE82B:C
=EBECC6A6BD:A2528232B36B:ED
permukaan Gauss II permukaan Gauss I
:2;2B22?D2B2A2BD:6=
45:2?229=6D2D:D: I2?8E2D652?28?6D:?I2?=
+25266A2DCE5EDC63E29A6BC68:5:=6D22?6A2D 3E29E2D2?I2?8C22
C6A6BD:8232B36B:ED
.6?DE2?E2D652?=:CDB:5:AEC2DA6BC68:;:2 2
66A2DE2D2?:DEAC:D:7
3
D2?52AC:D:752??682D:766A2DE2D2?:DE 36BC6=2?8 C6=:?8
2
q k
r
E =
2
q k
R E =
R rR
rR
14 cm –24q
–4q
20 cm 4 C
4 C
4 C 4 C
d
F E
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Medan Listrik, Potensial Listrik, dan Kapasitor
87
:DE?87=EC=:CDB:I2?86?63EC3:52?8A6BC68: C:C:4;:2E2D652?=:CDB:C636C2B
I2?82B29?I2 2
C6;2;2B56?82?3:52?8
3
D682=EBEC3:52?8 4
636?DECE5EDLD6B9252A3:52?8
-63E296=6DB?5:=6D22?5:AEC2DC63E296A:?8 =82 36BE2D2? ?682D:7
=6DB? D6BC63ED5:
A6B46A2D6?E;E6A:?8=82AC:D:75:562D?I2 C636C2BP
C :265E26A:?86:=::
B2A2D E2D2? I2?8 C22 D6?DE2? ?:=2: B2A2D E2D2??I2
6
P
O
8-
6
P
O
P
O
C. Energi Potensial Listrik dan Potensial Listrik
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