Motion Serialization The Semantic Types of Sasak Serial Verb Constructions
Manner serial verb constructions can be formed by intransitive and transitive verb. Manner serial verb constructions in Sasak are divided into those that have to
follow the intransitive verb, and those that have to precede the transitive verb, as seen in the following examples:
41
Amaq tokol be-sile.
father sit cross-leg ‘Father is cross-legged sitting.’
42
Araq, gitaq=k Ariq oleq cemus.
exist, see=1S brother go.home smile ‘Then, I saw brother returns home smiling.’
43
Bebeaq no nangis be-godol.
child DEF N.cry roll ‘That baby is roll over crying.’
Those three clauses 41, 42 and 43 are independent serial verb constructions. In clause 41, intransitive verb tokol
‘sit’ is followed by manner verb besile ‘cross- legged
’ in which explains how action tokol ‘sit’ is done. In clause 42, the construction may be radical change in meaning when the verbs oleq
‘go home’ and cemus ‘smiling’ are separated by a conjunction or a characteristic prosodic contour. In clause 43, all
the verbs have the inflectional morphology in nasal verb nangis ‘crying’ and second
verb begodol ‘roll over’.
44
Kanak-kanak be-joret-an tangkep paoq.
brother=RED grab catch mango ‘Brothers snatching away to catch some mangoes.’
45
Niniq be-kuih ng-gitaq maling tame bale uiq biyan.
grandmother scream see thief come house last night ‘grandmother screams out loud at the moment she found thief comes inside the
house last night .’
46
Inaq moter ng-umbaq bai=n.
mother N.walk.around carry grandchild=3S ‘Mother walks around carrying her grandchild.’
Those three clauses are also independent serial verb construction which all the verbs have the same inflectional morphology. In those three clauses, manner verbs are
found in each first verb, as verb bejoret ‘grab’ in clause 44, verb bekuih ‘scream’ in
clause 45, and verb moter ‘walk around’ in clause 46. Those manner verbs are
followed by transitive verb tangkep ‘catch’ in clause 44, nggitaq ‘see’ and tame
‘come’ in clause 45, and ngumbaq ‘carry a child’ in clause 46. The examples of manner serial verb of Sasak above have similarity with the
semantic types of serial verb in Keo, as stated by Baird 2008:62 that manner verb in the series cannot be considered an adverb, for two reasons: firstly, it cannot move
around the clause as other adverbs can, but always occurs as the first verb in clauses 41, 42, and 43, or second verb in clauses 44, 45, and 46; secondly, it shares
arguments with the other verb, as the subject in the clauses above.