Ja rin gan S em a ntik

jarin ga n se m a n tik semantic network, frame d an script, s erta atu ra n p ro d u k si.

2.2.4.1 Ja rin gan S em a ntik

S em a n tic n etw o rk J arin ga n se m a n tik m e ru p a k a n jarin ga n d ata d a n in fo r m asi ya n g d igu n a k a n u n tu k inf o rm a si ya n g p ro p o rsio n al. Jarin ga n s e m a n tik k a d a n g ju g a d is eb u t jarin ga n p ro p o sitio n al b e rn ilai b e n ar atau sala h . D a la m m a te m atika , istila h jarin ga n s e m a n tik m e ru p a k a n su atu la b el ata u graph b erara h A rh a m i, 2 0 0 5 :3 1 . J arin ga n se m a n tik p erta m a d iso s ialisa sika n o le h Q u ilin d a n R a p h a e l p ad a ta h u n 1 9 6 8 M e d s ke r; 1 9 9 3 :1 1 0 . S tru k tu r d ari jarin ga n se m a ntik d itu nju k ka n se c a ra grafik ya n g terd iri d ari sim p u l node d a n b u su r arc ya n g m e n gh u b u n g k a n n ya . S im p u l m e n ya ta ka n o bje k , k o n sep ata u situ a si, se d a n g k a n b u su r d igu n a k a n s e b a gai links ata u edge ya n g m e n ya ta ka n h u b u n ga n relationlship an tar sim p u l. M e n u ru t C h a n g 1 9 9 0 ,4 1 su atu jarin ga n se m a n tik d ap at d ib a ya n gk a n s eb a g ai su atu la h a n d ata data land. S u atu sim p u l m e ru p a ka n ta n da la h a n d an su a tu sisi m eru p a ka n h u b u n ga n a n tar ta n d a -ta n d a la ha n te rse b u t. Id e n ya b a h w a “ s u atu la h a n d ata a d ala h te p at m irip su atu 21 la h an” . K ita d a p at m e n c a p ai k e s e s u atu tan d a la h a n, d a n m e n d a p atka n le b ih b a n y a k in f o r m a si m e lalu i h u b u n ga n - h u b u n ga n k e ata u d en g a n ta n d a -ta n da la h an ya n g lain . C o n to h jarin ga n se m a n tik d itu nju k k a n p a d a ga m b a r 2 .7. R ic h ard S a u d a ra L a k i-la k i Jo h n M ar y K e m e n a k a n - L a k i-la k i P am an A ya h A n a k L a k i-la k i Ib u A n a k L a k i-la k i S m ith G a m b a r 2.6 Ja rin gan S em a n tik 2.2.4.2 F ram e S ala h satu sk e m a ya n g tela h d igu n a k a n d ala m b a n ya k a p lika si A I a d ala h frame b in g k a i. Frame p erta m a k ali d ik e n alk a n o leh B arlett p a d a ta h u n 1 9 3 2 D u rk in ; 1 9 9 3 ,7 3 k e m u d ia n d ike m b a n g k a n o le h M in sk y d an K u ip ers M e d sk e r; 1 9 9 3 :1 0 9 . Frame d a p at d ip an d a n g se b a ga i stru ktu r d ata sta tik ya n g d igu n a k a n u n tu k m ere p re s e n tasika n situ a si-situ asi ya n g tela h d ip ah a m i d an stereotype. Frame b eru p a ku m p u lan -k u m p u lan slo t yan g d igu n a k a n ata u m e ru p a k a n atrib u t u n tu k m e n d esk rip sik a n p en ge ta h u a n. P e n ge tah u a n ya n g term u a t d a la m slo t d a pat b eru p a k eja d ian , lo ka si, situ asi a tau p u n ele m e n -e le m e n lain. 22 Frame d igu n a k a n u n tu k re p rese n tasi pe n geta h u a n d e klaratif. P ro s es p e n alara n ya n g d ila k u ka n o le h frame sec ara es e n sial a d alah m e n g k o n firm a sik a n b erb a gai h ara pa n e k sp e k tasi. Ju m lah b erb a ga i h a ra p a n in i m e n gisi slo t d a n m e m e rik sa a p a ka h ia se su ai d e n ga n situ asi ya n g b erla k u ata u tid a k A rh a m i, 2 0 0 5 :4 1 . D e s ain stru k tu r Frame terlih at p a da ga m b a r 2 .7 b e rik u t. G a m b a r 2.7 C on toh F ra m e 2.2.4.3 S c ript Script m e ru p a ka n ske m a rep re se nta si p e n ge ta h u a n ya n g sa m a d en ga n frame. H a n ya saja frame m e n g g a m b a rk a n o bje k s e d an g k a n script m e n g g a m b ark a n u ru ta n p eristiw a . Script, d ik e m b a n g k a n o le h S c h a n k d an A b elso n p a da ta h u n 1 9 7 7 M e d sk e r; 1 9 9 3 :1 1 0 . 23 P e n g ga m b a ran u ru ta n p eristiw a p a d a script m e n g g u n a k a n sera n gk a ia n slo t ya n g b erisi in f o r m a si te n ta n g o ran g, o bje k d an tin d a k a n -tin d a ka n ya n g terja di d ala m s u atu peristiw a. Script itu sen d iri m e m ilik i b eb era pa ele m e n u ta m a ya itu k o n d isi m a su ka n , prop p e n d u k u n g, track jalu r, role p era n , d a n scene a de ga n . M e d sk e r m e n a m b a h k a n satu ele m e n uta m a ya itu Result – condition that will generally be true after the events described in the csript have occurred 1 9 9 3 :1 1 0 . C o n to h s e d erh a n a d ari script d ap at d ilih a t p a da ga m b a r 2 .8 . SCRIPT R e sto ra n Ja lu r Track : resto ra n s w ala y a n fa st fo o d P era n Roles : T a m u , p ela y a n P e n d u k u n g Prop : c o u n te r, b a k i, m a k a n a n , u a n g , s e rb et, g a ra m , m e ric a , k e ca p , se d o ta n , d a n la in -la in K o n d isi m a s u k a n : ta m u la p a r, ta m u p u n y a u a n g A d e g a n 1 scene 1 : M a s u k • T a m u p a rk ir m o b il • T a m u m a s u k re s to ra n • T a m u a n tre • T a m u b a c a lis t m e n u d a n m e m u tu s k a n a p a y a n g a k a n d ip es a n A d e g a n 2 : p e sa n a n • T a m u m e m b e rik a n p es a n a n p a d a p e la y a n • P e la y a n m e n g a m b il p e s a n a n d a n m e leta k k a n m a k a n a n d i a ta s b a k i • T a m u m e m b a y a r 24 A d e g a n 3 : m a k a n • T a m u m e n g a m b il s erb e t, se d o ta n , g a ra m d a n la in -lain • T a m u m e m b a w a b a k i m a k a n a n k e m e ja k o s o n g • T a m u m a k a n d e n g a n c e p a t A d e g a n 4 : p u la n g • T a m u m e n in g g a lk a n m e ja • T a m u m e m b u a n g s a m p a h • T a m u m e n in g g a lk a n re s to ra n • T a m u n a ik m o b il d a n p u la n g R e s u lt h a sil : • T a m u m e ra s a k e n y a n g • T a m u s e n a n g • T a m u k e c e w a • T a m u s a k it p eru t G a m b a r 2.8 C on toh S cript

2.2.4.4 A tu ran P rod uk si