2.2.3.1 F asilitas A ku isi P eng etah u a n
F a silitas a k u isi p e n ge ta hu a n ad ala h a k u m u las i, tra n sfer d an tra n sf o rm a si ke a h lia n d ala m m e n yele saika n m a sala h d ari
su m b e r p e n ge tah u a n k e d ala m p ro gra m k o m p u ter A rh a m i, 2 0 0 5 :1 6 . F asilitas in i m eru p a ka n su atu p ro s e s m e n g u m p u lk a n
d ata -d ata p en ge ta h u an
a k a n su atu
m a sala h d ari
p a ka r H arto n o , 2 0 0 3: 1 2 . P e n ge ta h u a n d a p at d ip ero le h m e lalui
stu d i p u sta k a m a u p u n o bs erva si d a n b erta n ya la n g su n g k e p a d a p a k arn ya. P e n ge tah u a n d a n d ata -d ata ya n g terk u m p u l itu lah
ya n g d is eb u t knowledge base b asis p e n ge ta h u a n .
2.2.3.2 B asis P eng etah u an
B a sis p en ge ta h u a n
m e n ga n d u n g p en ge ta h u a n
u n tu k p e m a h a m a n , fo r m u lasi d a n p e n ye le s aian m a sala h. K o m p o n e n
siste m p a ka r in i d isu su n atas d u a ele m e n d asar, ya itu fa kta d a n atu ra n. F a k ta m e ru p a k a n in fo r m a si te n ta n g o b ye k d ala m are a
p erm a sa la h a n terte n tu , se d a n gk a n atu ran m e ru p a k a n inf o rm a si te n tan g c a ra b a gaim a n a m e m p ero leh fa k ta b aru d ari fa k ta ya n g
tela h d ik eta h u i A rh a m i, 2 0 0 5 :1 5 .
2.2.3.3 M e sin Inferensi
M esin inf ere n si
a d ala h p ro gra m
k o m p u te r ya n g
m e m b e rik a n m e to d o lo gi u n tu k p e n alaran te n ta n g in f o rm a si ya n g a d a d a la m b asis p e n ge tah u a n da n d ala m workplace, da n
u n tu k m e m f o r m u la sik a n
k e sim p u la n A rh a m i,
2 0 0 5 :1 9 .
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S ela m a p ro s es
k o n su lta si a n tar
siste m d a n
p e m a k a i, m e k a n is m e in fere n si m e n gu ji atu ra n s atu d e m i s atu s a m p ai
k o n d isi atu ra n itu b e n ar H arto n o , 2 0 0 3 : 1 5 . S e c a ra u m u m a da d ua te k n ik uta m a ya n g d igu n a k a n
d ala m m e k a n is m e inf ere n si u n tu k p e n gu jian atu ra n, yaitu p en alara n m aju forward chaining d a n p e n alaran m u n d u r
backward chaining. P elac a ka n
ata u p e n a la ran
k e b e la k a n g backward
chaining a da la h p e n de k ata n ya n g d im o to ri tu j u a n goal- driven A rh a m i, 2 0 0 5 :1 9 . P e n alara n ini ju ga b iasa d ise b ut
p en alara n d ari atas ke b a w a h A rh a m i, 2 0 0 5 :1 1 6 yaitu p en alara n ya n g d im u lai d ari le vel tertin g g i m e m b a n gu n su atu
h ip o tesis, tu ru n ke fa kta le ve l p alin g b a w a h y a n g d a p at m e n d u k u n g h ip o te sis. D a p at d ika ta ka n p u la d ala m backward
chaining m e n u nju k k a n
f a k ta ya n g
a d a d igu n a k a n
u n tu k m e n d u k u n g
h ip o tesis. G a m b a ran
backward chaining
d ip erlih atk a n p a da ga m b a r 2.2 .
G a m b a r 2.2 P o la B acw ard C h a in in g
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P elac a ka n ata u p e n alara n k e d e p a n forward chaining a d alah m eto d e p e n c a ria n ata u p e n arika n k e sim p u lan ya n g
b erd a sark a n p a d a
d ata ata u fa k ta ya n g
a d a m e n uju
ke k e sim p u la n, p e n elusu ra n d im u lai d ari fa k ta ya n g a d a lalu
b erge ra k m aj u
m e lalu i p re m is -p re m is
u n tu k m e n uju
k e sim p u la n ata u
d a p at d ik ata k a n
bottom up
reasoning. Forward chaining m e la k u k a n p en c a ria n d ari su atu m a sala h
k e p a d a so lu sin ya, ga m b ara n n ya d ap at dilih at p a da ga m b a r 2.3.
G a m b a r 2.3 P o la F o rw ard C h a in in g
D u a p o la p e n c a ria n d i ata s a k a n b erga n tu n g p u la p a d a p o la
p e n elu su r a n ya n g
d itera p k a n . A d a
tiga je n is
p o la p en elu su ra n ya n g d a p at d igu n a k a n ya itu depth-first search,
breadht-first search d a n b e st first search. a. Depth-first Search
Depth-first search a d ala h te k n ik p e n elu su r an d a ta p a d a n o d e -n o d e
sec a ra ve rtik al
d a n su d a h
terd efin isika n , m is aln ya d ari kiri k e k a n a n H arto n o, 2 0 0 3:1 6 . Depth-first
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search m e la k u ka n p e nelu su ran k aid a h sec ara m e n d ala m d ari sim p u l a k ar b erge ra k m e n u ru n k e tin g k a t d ala m ya n g
b eru ru ta n A rh a m i, 2 0 0 5 :2 0 .
Mulai
1
2 5
7
3 4
6 8
9
Goal End
G a m b a r 2.4 P o la P en elu su ran D epth -first sea rch
b . Breadth-first Search Breadth-first search a dala h te k n ik p e n elu su ra n d a ta p a d a
se m u a n o d e d ala m satu le ve l ata u satu tin g k ata n se b elu m ke le ve l
ata u tin g k a ta n
d ib a w a h n ya H arto n o ,
2 0 0 3 :1 7 . Breadth-first search b erge ra k d ari sim p u l a k ar, sim p u l ya n g
a d a p a da setia p tin gk a t d iuji se b elu m pin d a h k e tin g k at sela nju tn ya A rh a m i, 2 0 05 :2 0 .
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Mulai
1
2 3
4
5 6
7 8
9
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2 Goal
G a m b a r 2.5 P o la P en elu su ran B rea dth -first sea rch
c. Best-first Search Best-first search a d ala h p e nelu su ra n ya n g m e n g g u n a k a n
p en ge ta h u an a k a n s u atu m asala h u n tu k m ela k u ka n p a n d u a n p en c aria n
ke ara h n o d e
te m p a t d im a n a
so lu si b era da .
P e n c a rian je n is ini d ike n al ju ga se b a gai h e u ristik H arto n o , 2 0 0 3 :1 8 . D a p at d ikata k a n p u la best-first search b e kerja
b erd a sark a n k o m b in a si ke d u a m e to d e s e b elu m n ya A rh a m i, 2 0 0 5 :2 0 .
2 .2.3.4 W orkpla c e
M e n u ru t A rh a m i, workplace m e ru p a ka n
are a d ari
se k u m p u la n m e m o ri k e rja working memory. Workplace
d igu n a k a n u n tu k m ere ka m h a sil-h asil an tara da n k e sim p ula n ya n g d ic a p ai.
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2.2.3.5 F asilitas P enjelasan
Kategori