in both classes who did not come in class. Therefore, 40 students were taken as
sample of this study, because the total population was small.
D. The Validity and Realibility of Instrument
The instrument of this study was the test. This test was tested both validity and reliability test, before used this instrument to the students as the sample of the
study. The test was 30 questions multiple choices about descriptive text were tested to 40 students in different class. The instrument used for pretest and
posttest. This step is needed to see the validity and reliability of this instrument before it will be applied to the sample of the study see appendix 4.
After testing the instrument, the test was analyzed the calculation of this test, used to check the validity and reliability of the test. From 30 questions, there were
21 questions which were valid and reliable see appendix 6. Therefore, 20 questions were applied in pretest and posttest see appendix 7. Then based on the
valid and reliable indicators, the questions were remade. The following were the indicators and the distribution of question items.
E. The Technique of Data Collection
The technique of data collecting used in this study was quantitative data number-based. The quantitative data used pre-test and post-test. The test used in
this study was pre-test and post-test. 1.
The pre-test Give the students the pre-test for two classes in the beginning of attending
VII-1 and VII- 2 to know the students’ basic knowledge of the material
that would be taught. 2.
The post-test Give post-test for the experiment and the control class after the treatment
finished. Applied directed reading activity for experiment class and did not apply directed reading activity for control class.
F. The Technique of Data Analysis
The technique of data analysis, it used the t-test formula. T-test was one of statistical tests that used for examining the truth or false of null hypothesis that
stated there was no significant difference between two means of sample taken from the same population.
The technique was used to see there wa s significant difference of students’
achievement who taught degree of influence using directed reading activity and without using directed reading activity. The formula of t-test that used for this
research as follows:
1
= T-test = Mean of Variable X Experiment Class
= Mean of Variable Y Control Class SE
= Standard Error In order calculation of T-test, there were several steps to be taken, they
were as follows: 1.
Determining Mean of variable X, with formula: ∑
2. Determining Mean of variable Y, with formula:
∑
3. Determining of Standard of Deviation score of Variable X, with formula:
√ ∑
1
Anas Sudjiono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, PT. Raja Grafino Persada: Jakarta, 2003, p. 264.
