The Limitation of the Problem

meaning is not lying in the text waiting to be passively absorbed. On the contrary, the reader is actively involved and often has to work to get the meaning out.” 3 Moreover, Rubin also supported the theory of active process of reading by defining it in broad of global deinition, “By using a broad definition, we are looking upon reading as a total integrative process that includes the following domains: the affective, th e pperceptual and the cognitive.” 4 The affective domain means of feeling or emotion of the reader. The reader’s feeling determines what he reads and how heshe interprets the meaning of the text. The perceptual domain means that the reader gives meaning to sensation to the field of reading materials. The process of giving the meaning of the text Another concept of reading showing an active process was defined by Smith in her books. She said that “reading is an active attempt, on the part of reader, to understand a writer massage.” 5 The idea is the same with the interaction between the speaker and listener where the speaker uses language well-known by the listener; in addition, the communication or comprehension occurred between the speaker and the listener is rapid and easy. In reading, the reader, in order to process written language and comprehend it well, must have background knowledge about what heshe reads to make contact with the missing information between the reader and the writer. Consequently, the reader cannot comprehend the text and its meaning well. In other word, the reader background knowledge can be said as connector to bridge the information gap between reader and writer. Other linguist expert, Lewin wrote in his book about the complexity of reading activity. He stated in his book that “reading comprehension is a very complex activity. So much occurs inside the mind of a reader as the eyes glided over the printed pages.” 6 From the statement, it has to be admitted that reading is a 3 Cristine Nuttall, Teaching Reading Skill in A Foreign Language, Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2005, p. 10. 4 Rubin, loc. cit. 5 NilaBanton Smith, Reading Instruction for Today Children, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- Hall, Inc., 1980, p. 6. 6 Larry Lewin, Paving the Way in Reading and Writing, San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass a Willey Imprint: 2003, p. 2.