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Each purpose imposes different levels of demand on the readers to maintain an acceptable standard of coherence.
In reference with reading, comprehension inevitably exists. Comprehension is defined as the goal of both reading and listening. Without
overruling listening skill, comprehension in reading becomes a fundamental aspect in order ones can learn about something. Successful comprehension
enables readers to acquire information, to experience and be aware of other worlds including fictional ones, to communicate successfully, and to achieve
academic success. In conclusion, reading is not just a passively basic receptive skill. It is
a complex process requiring readers’ schemata in order to comprehend a text because any type of reading aims at comprehension matter.
b. Types of Reading Comprehension
As a focus point in the study, reading comprehension deliberately is divided into four different types according to Richards and Schmidt 2002.
Those are literal, inferential, critical or evaluative, and appreciative comprehension. Literal comprehension is defined as reading in order to
understand, remember, or recall the information explicitly contained in a passage. Meanwhile, inferential comprehension is reading in order to find
information which is not explicitly stated in the passage, using the reader’s
experience and intuition, and by inferring inferencing. Critical or evaluative comprehension is described as reading in order to compare information in the
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passage with the reader’s own knowledge and values. Lastly, appreciative comprehension deals with reading in order to gain an emotional or other kinds
of valued responses from the passage. Grabe 2009 explains further regarding the types of reading.
According to him, there are six major purposes for reading. They are described as follows:
1. Reading to search for information scanning and skimming
People often locate some specific information. In the searching process, they inevitably engage in scanning and skimming. These
scanning and skimming make people speedy readers because these kinds of reading are conducted at a rapid speed. The speed means
words amount that can be read in a minute by the readers. Both scanning and skimming terms are usually used interchangeably
because both of them need a very high speed in reading. Scanning refers to identifying a specific fact or a piece of information lies in
some particular texts. Meanwhile skimming tends to an activity of getting the general overview or the main ideas of texts rapidly.
Thus, readers who do skimming catch the overview points of a text vast but not in detail.
2. Reading for quick understanding skimming
As explained previously, skimming is a high speed reading for locating the main ideas or the general overview of texts. It is
