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1.1.4.2 Safety Needs
According to Maslow as cited by McClelland 1985, safety needs are the needs for security and protection from pain, fear anxiety, and disorder, need for
order, lawfulness, and discipline p. 41. It is obvious that everybody needs to feel secure, safe and out of danger. People need this need for a peaceful life that they
will feel safe.
1.1.4.3 Social Needs
The thir d layer of human needs based on Maslow’s hierarchy is social
needs. Social needs are the need of love and the need of feeling a sense of belonging and acceptance, whether it comes from a large social group, such as
clubs, office culture, religious groups, professional organizations, sport teams, or small social connections such as family members, intimate partners, mentors and
close colleagues. Meanwhile, love is a healthy loving relationship between two persons that include mutual trust. By having a good relationship, there are lack of
fear and dropping defences. The absence of love will stifle growth and the development of potential. This love and belonging needs can overcome the
physiological and security needs, depending on the strength of the peer pressure. For example, a girl may ignore the need to eat and security of health for a feeling
of control and belonging.
1.1.4.4 Esteem Needs
Esteem needs are the need for achievement, respect, and approval. These needs are one-step above belongingness and love. There are two types of esteem
needs. First is self-esteem, which includes the needs of desire for confidence,
17 competence, mastery, adequacy, achievement, independence, and freedom.
Second is self-respect, which includes the concept of prestige, recognition, acceptance, attention, status, reputation, and appreciation.
1.1.4.5 Self-actualization Needs
According to Maslow’s hierarchy diagram of human needs, self- actualization needs are on the top level. They are the needs for self-fulfilment, for
realizing one’s potential, for understanding and insight. These needs are described as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one
is capable of becoming. They are the identification of the psychological needs for growth, development, and utilization of potential.
2.1.5 Theory of Human Rights
Rights as freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, and execution are regarded as belonging fundamentally to all persons. Cranston 1973 in What
are Human Rights? classifies that there are three kinds of human rights. They right to life, the right of liberty, and the right of property
2.1.5.1 The Right to Life
According to Hobbes as cited by Cranston 1973 the rights to life is the natural right which everyone naturally makes.
Nobody wants to die a violent death, or to suffer an injury. These aversions are so universally and so intensely felt that we speak of them as natural.
Man has a natural desire to survive, a natural impulse to defend himself from death and injury. Man is a being who is exceedingly vulnerable. His
natural powers are not adequate for his own protection p. 25.
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