Psychological Needs. Theory of Motivation

19 revolutions, includes the rights to life and liberty and the rights to freedom of speech and worship. The second generation of economic, social, and cultural rights, associated with revolts against the predations of unregulated capitalism from the mid – 19 th century, includes the right to work and the right to an education. Everyone has the same rights of being free, independent, and happy since she or he is born. There are also some theories of human rights according to Universal Declaration of Human Rights, TELDERS Study Group of International Law at Leyden University in United Nations Textbook as cited by Cranston 1973 in what are human rights? states that: Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in a charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. There is a universal declaration of human rights that were reaffirmed in United Nation Textbook related to the right of education: Article. 26. 1. Everyone has the rights to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be generally available. Higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

2.1.5 Criticism

Sing to the Dawn was the first novel written by Minfong Ho. Mingfong Ho was born in Rangoon, Burma, and raised in both Singapore and Bangkok, Thailand. At first, Sing to the Dawn was only a short story that was written because of author’s homesickness of her second home, Thailand. When she 20 missed the situation in Thailand, which was completely different with New York at that time. Ho stated that writing about the dappled sunlight and school children of home brought them closer to her; it aired on paper the part of her which could not be found at any place in America. Ho’s short story told about Dawan’s struggles toward her brother and father’s resistance when they knew that Dawan had won a scholarship to the city high school. That short story was submitted to a reader of the Council for Interracial Books for children, for their annual short story contest. Ho won the award for the Asian American division unpublished Third World Authors. Then Ho’s short story was encouraged to enlarge the story into a novel. Ho stated that she never enjoyed the children books in her childhood which mostly told about a life of princesses and emperors or any other story of animals such as elephants, peacocks, and tigers. Through her short story Sing to the Dawn, Ho was inspired to write new model of novel which described realistic story of one girl’s struggle to get an education in the city. According to Seybolt on her comment in a School Library Journal Review, the author’s love of her native countryside was evident in her vivid description. Seybolt as cited by Yew 2005 also noted that Dawan’s story provides a perspective on women’s liberation far removed and much more important than breaking into the local little league. A kirkus critic also maintained that the imagery of lotus flower, which seemed delicate and small, described someone’s passion and determination.