12 8.
Thoughts In this method, the author gives us direct knowledge by letting us know
what a person is thinking about and tells us about the different people’s thoughts.
9. Mannerism
In this method, the author describes a person’s mannerism, which means a person’s traits, habits or idiosyncrasies, and ways of life in order to tell the
readers something about his or her personality pp. 161-173.
2.1.3 Theory of Psychological Approach
According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971, there are five kinds of approaches. They are formalist approach, biographical approach, sociocultural-
historical approach, mythopoeia approach, and psychological approach p. 13. According to Guerin, Morgan, Labor, Reesman and Willingham 2011
various ideas in a novel will get various responses from the readers. The readers, sometimes, face their life experiences in the novel in order to get the message.
However, the experiences which have been got by the readers are not suitable to what is delivered in the literary work pp. 389-392.
The readers need special ability to analyse or judge a literary work. The readers can use critical approach to reveal the fascination and appreciation of the
literary work by many perspectives. Guerin, Morgan, Labor, Reesman and Willingham 2011 in A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature mention
13 five approaches. They are traditional approach, formalist approach, mythological
approach, historical approach and psychological approaches. The psychological approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrate
certain recurrent patterns. It uses various theories of psychology to explain the characters, motivation, and behaviour pattern.
This psychological approach is used by the researcher to study the main character as seen in Ho’s Sing to the Dawn. Through this psychological approach,
the researcher tries to interpret the novel. Using this approach helps the researcher to find out the meaning of each line stated in the novel that aims to understand the
description of the character the researcher wants to analyse.
2.1.4 Theory of Motivation
Theory of motivation is used in this study. It aims to find out Dawan’s
motivation in keeping her intention to get her rights to study, even though she has to break the old tradition that women can only be a wife and mother and better not
to get a higher education than the men. To find out what kinds of Dawan motivation here are some theories of motivation according to some experts.
Motivation defines as an enthusiasm for doing something or there must be the need or reason for doing something. According to Herbert 1981 in his book
Motivation: Theory and Research defines that motivation is the concept we use when we describe the forces acting on or within an organism to initiate and direct
behaviour.
