generating alternate management scenarios for land and water management Dutta, 2000.
Other study of spatial DSS reported by Ostendorf and Carrick 2004 about South Australia’s Prawn Fisheries. This report described the process of
spatial decision-making and the utility of spatial information techniques using historic spatial data in conjunction with near real-time survey data and statistical
risk assessment. The system is implemented linking an Oracle database to ArcGIS, Genstat and Splus and mobile phone technologies.
2.4. Sustainable Development of Natural Resources
The concept of sustainability was first launched in the World Conservation Strategy at 1980. It took quite a long time before the concept became more widely
known, a process stimulated by the report Our Common Future of the World Commission on Environment and Development WCED, 1987 in Rothmans et al.,
1994. In general, sustainable development is to meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs or
in other word, sustainable development is a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of
technology development and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present need Cicin-Sain and Knecht, 1998.
Due to the difference in human perspectives and values among cultures, societal sectors and interest groups the concept of sustainable development lacks a
uniform definition. It may, however, even not be desirable to use only one specific definition of sustainable development. As a rule sustainability is seen as a long-
term at least two generations planning or development process that incorporates 20
a holistic view of developments in different societal domains social, ecological and economic and at different levels: macro, meso, micro Rotmans et al., 2001
in LOICZ, 2004. Sustainable development and management of global and
regional resources is not an ecological problem, nor an economic one, nor a social one. It is a combination of all three.
There are three conditions to achieve sustainable development in ecological aspect, i.e.: spatial harmonization, assimilation capacity and sustainable
use Dahuri et al., 2001. Spatial harmonization means in developing area should be not all for use zone but there are also locations for preservation and
conservation zone. One of the most important challenges facing society today is maintaining
the natural values and resource potential that provide continuity of benefits for society from the goods and services of the small island areas. Therefore,
sustainable natural resource use needs information on actual and predicted options and their ecological and monetary evaluation. Development involves making
decisions, making choices amongst alternative possible development paths, selecting one line of action which returns benefit to the developing country. It is
important that these decisions are made well, using the best information, methods and tools available. For sustainable development it need to make decisions that do
not have long term negative effects, and assess the long term effects and impacts as well as the short term benefits.
Cicin-Sain and Knecht 1998 concluded that sustainable development involves three major emphases:
- Economic development to improve the quality of human life;
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- Environmentally appropriate development – development that is environmental sensitive and makes appropriate use of natural resources,
development that protects essential ecological processes, life support system and biological diversity;
- Equitable development - equity in the distribution of benefits from development” intra societal equity, intergenerational equity and
international equity.
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III. METHODOLOGY
This study was conducted from February to July 2006 at Research Lab. Master of Science in Information Technology for Natural Resources Management
– Bogor Agricultural University.
3.1. Method
GIS-based Decision Support System was developed to solve the Ndana Island – the small island in border area problems. When the system approach is
applied to solve the problem in the framework of information system, it is called information system development. Using the system approach to develop
information system solutions involve a multi step process called the information system development cycle, also known as the System Development Life Cycle
SDLC. The steps of SDLC are: 1 investigation, 2 analysis, 3 design, 4 implementation and 5 maintenance O’Brien, 1999.
This research was based on the SDLC steps: analysis, design and implementation Figure 4. Figure 5 show all research activities, which is set of
three main steps starting with problem identification and ending on going use of the system.
Analysis
- Problem identification - User identification
-
Need assessment
Design
- Database design - User interface design
-
Data analysis
Implementation
- Building GUI Coding
-
Testing
Figure 4. General research scheme
