Because small island development options are limited, there are special challenges to planning for and implementing sustainable development. Information on the
geographic, environmental, cultural and socio-economic characteristics of islands should be compiled and assessed to assist in the planning process. Existing island
databases should be expanded and geographic information systems developed and adapted to suit the special characteristics of islands UNEP, 2004.
Several characteristics of small islands that can be obstacles to develop small islands are Dahuri, 1998:
a. Size of area is small and isolate from other island, expensive in infrastructures and seldom in educated human resources.
b. Difficult to reach an optimal economic in part of production, transportation and administration.
c. Sometimes specific local culture in conflict with the development activity of small islands
Government Regulation No. 782005 is a new order for management of 92 bordered small islands in Indonesia and Ndana Island is one of them. It is written
in the regulation that bordered small island is island with area equal or less than 2,000 km
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which has boundary point of Indonesia territory based on National and International Laws. The aims of bordered small island management are as
national security, to use natural resources with sustainable development and to increase income of local people.
2.1.2. Potencies of Small Island
There are several natural ecosystems in coastal area of small islands, i.e: coral reefs, mangrove, sea grass beds, sandy beach, rocky beach, Baringtonia
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formation, estuary, lagoon and delta. Besides that there are manmade ecosystem, such as tourism area, marine culture and settlement Dahuri et al., 2001.
The main potencies of ecosystem of small islands in tropical area are UNEP, 1998:
a. Coral reefs
. Coral reefs are a very productive type of ecosystem with many kinds of plants and animals crowded together and usually occur in
shallow tropical waters. Many different kinds of fishing and food collecting are possible in reef areas, producing very high catches. Coral
reef ecosystems also provide opportunities for recreation and tourism, scientific research, education, and shoreline protection.
b.
Fisheries
. Fish and other animals from the sea provide an important source of protein for people living on islands. Fishing activity in the
shallow coastal waters around the islands is an important occupation today as it has been for hundreds of years. Fish are a renewable resource
because they can continue to be used over and over again if they are taken care of. If too many fish are caught at once, it is call over fishing,
and it may not be possible for the few that are left to replace all those that were taken. Today it is happening in many places especially in the
tropical islands. Fishery activity must be managed in accordance with certain ecological principles to avoid over fishing and other damage to
fish resources. c.
Lagoon.
Lagoons are common in the coastal environments of many islands. They are areas of water with some link to the sea, but sufficiently
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cut off or protected so that there are special environmental conditions
inside them.
d. Tourism
. Tourism in the small islands context involves people who come from other region or countries for the pleasure of visiting the island
environment. Tourism can be an important source of income for islands with few other possible sources of revenue because tourists may spend
money on travel, hotels, food, entertainment and recreation. The most important tourism resources are the natural beauty of the island, their
recreation possibilities, and the cultural interest of the people. The basic problem with tourism development is that tourism facilities and the
tourists themselves have impacts on the environment. And the tourism development should be managed with ecological principal as ecotourism
activity. The problem can be particularly serious on tropical small islands where the environment is fragile and easily degraded, and even moderate
tourism development may have a proportionately large impact.
2.1.3. Island Directory
