Case selection Measurement Methodological reflection on Case Study 7
11.5.7 Data presentation
The result of this first part of the measurement was a description of each of the six standardization practices in the format of the process model. Each of the elements in these descriptions was a candidate element of a best practice.11.5.8 Data analysis
Criteria for choosing the best practices, from the description of the separate practices, were developed in a researchers’ brainstorming ses- sion. These criteria were applied and this resulted in a proposal for a best practice based on a reasoned choice of elements from the six described standardization practices. Next, this proposal was presented to the standardization managers in the six companies and each of them was asked to rate their own practice against the proposal. It appeared that, in this rating procedure, each of the six managers accepted the proposal as a description of the best practice. Finally, in five of the six companies, a focus group discussion was arranged in which the relative scores of the company, as compared with the best practice and with the other companies, were evaluated. It appeared that all elements of the proposal for a best practice were seen by each of the five focus groups as definitely representing the best practice. This best practice was described within the framework of Figure 11.2.11.5.9 Implications for practice
The practice-oriented objective of this research was to contribute to the improvement of the company standardization procedures of six companies by designing a best practice that was acceptable to each of them. A proposal for a best practice was developed from elements of the current practices of these six companies and practitioners evalu- ated the result as an improvement upon their current practices. This meant that the objective of this study was achieved. Chapter 1111.6 References
Adolphi, H. 1997, Strategische Konzepte zur Organisation der Betrieblichen Standardisierung. DIN Normungskunde, Band 38. BerlinVienna Zürich: Beuth Verlag. Barthet, M.-C. 2000, Equipements pétroliers: la pompe normative est bien amorcée. Enjeux, 208: 13–15. Brown, J. and Duguid, P. 1991, Organizational learning and commu- nities of practice: toward a unified view of working, learning and innovation. Organization Science, 21: 40–57. Chiesa, V., Coughlan, P., and Voss, C.A. 1996, Development of a tech- nical innovation audit. Journal of Production Innovation Management. 132: 105–136. De Vries, H.J. 1999, Standardization – a business approach to the role of national standardization organizations. BostonDordrechtLondon: Kluwer Academic Publishers. De Vries, H.J. 2006, Best practice in company standardization. International Journal for IT Standards and Standardization Research, 41: 62–85. Halemane, D.M. and Janszen, F.H.A. 2004, Flexibility in operations and businesses innovation. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 52: 23–41. Hesser, W. and Inklaar, A. eds 1997, An introduction to standards and stan- dardization. DIN Normungskunde, Band 36, BerlinViennaZürich: Beuth Verlag. Janszen, F.H.A. 2000, The age of innovation: making business creativity a competence, not a coincidence. London: Pearson Education Limited. Oly, M.P. and Slob, F.J.C. 1999, Benchmarking Bedrijfsnormalisatie – Een best practice voor de procesindustrie. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Faculteit Bedrijfskunde. Qin, C. 2004, China builds its new petroleum industry round Interna- tional Standards. ISO Focus, 14: 23–24. Rada, R. and Craparo, J.S. 2001, Standardizing management of software engineering projects. Knowledge Technology and Policy, 142: 67–77. Schacht, M. 1991, Methodische Neugestaltung von Normen als Grundlage für eine Integration in den rechnerunterstützten Konstruktionsprozess. DIN Normungskunde, Band 28. DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. BerlinCologne: Beuth Verlag GmbH. Simpkins, C.R. 2001, Reengineering standards for the process indus- tries: process industry practices, in: Spivak, S.M. and Brenner, F.C. eds. Standardization essentials – principles and practice. New York Basel: Marcel Dekker Inc. Susanto, A. 1988, Methodik zur Entwicklung von Normen. DIN Normungskunde, Band 23. DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. BerlinCologne: Beuth Verlag GmbH. Thomas, G.A.N. 2004, Standards as a strategic business asset. ISO Focus, 14: 11–15.Parts
» BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Our definition of a case study
» Chapter 2: Case studies in business research
» Chapter 3: Principles of research Chapter 4: Theory-testing research general
» Chapters 10–11: Practice-oriented research Overview of the book
» Reading specific topics Overview of the book
» Suggestions for students How to read this book
» References BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Types of case study research
» Objectives of case study research
» Guidelines for case study research
» Evaluations of case study research
» Conclusion BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» General research objectives of theory-oriented and practice-oriented research
» Orientation: how to choose between theory-oriented or practice-oriented research
» Theory Principles of theory-oriented research
» Theory-oriented research: contribution to theory development
» Replication Principles of theory-oriented research
» Representativeness, external validity, and generalizability
» Exploration of theory Exploration for theory-oriented research
» Exploration of practice for finding a proposition
» Exploration of practice for confirming the relevance of a proposition
» Contributions to theory development
» Practice Principles of practice-oriented research
» Practice-oriented research: contribution to a practitioner’s knowledge
» Exploration of practice Exploration for practice-oriented research
» Research objectives in theory-testing research
» Propositions that express a sufficient condition
» Propositions that express a necessary condition
» Propositions that express a deterministic relation
» Propositions that express a probabilistic relation
» Business relevance of propositions
» Strategy for testing a proposition that expresses a sufficient condition
» Strategy for testing a proposition that expresses a necessary condition
» Strategy for testing a proposition that expresses a deterministic relation
» Strategy for testing a proposition that expresses a probabilistic relation
» Testing more complex conceptual models
» Outcome and implications BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Summary BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Introduction How to test a sufficient or a necessary condition with a case study
» Candidate cases How to test a sufficient or a necessary condition with a case study
» Case selection How to test a sufficient or a necessary condition with a case study
» Hypothesis How to test a sufficient or a necessary condition with a case study
» Measurement How to test a sufficient or a necessary condition with a case study
» Data presentation Data analysis
» Replication strategy How to test a sufficient or a necessary condition with a case study
» Domain Conceptual model Theory
» Research objective Case Study 1: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Research strategy Case Study 1: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Candidate cases Case selection
» Hypotheses Case Study 1: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Measurement Case Study 1: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Radical innovation projects Data presentation
» Incremental innovation projects Data presentation
» Data analysis Case Study 1: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Replication strategy Case Study 1: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Theory Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Research objective Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Research strategy Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Candidate cases Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Case selection Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Hypothesis Measurement Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Data presentation Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Data analysis Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Replication strategy Methodological reflection on Case Study 1
» Research strategy Case Study 2: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Candidate cases Case Study 2: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Case selection Case Study 2: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Hypothesis Case Study 2: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Measurement Case Study 2: Theory-testing research: testing a necessary condition
» Theory Methodological reflection on Case Study 2
» Candidate cases Methodological reflection on Case Study 2
» Case selection Methodological reflection on Case Study 2
» Hypothesis Methodological reflection on Case Study 2
» Measurement Methodological reflection on Case Study 2
» Data presentation Methodological reflection on Case Study 2
» Data analysis Methodological reflection on Case Study 2
» Replication strategy Methodological reflection on Case Study 2
» Introduction How to test a deterministic relation with a case study
» Candidate cases How to test a deterministic relation with a case study
» Case selection How to test a deterministic relation with a case study
» Hypothesis How to test a deterministic relation with a case study
» Data analysis How to test a deterministic relation with a case study
» Replication strategy How to test a deterministic relation with a case study
» Introduction Case Study 3: Theory-testing research: testing a deterministic relation
» Research objective Case Study 3: Theory-testing research: testing a deterministic relation
» Research strategy Case Study 3: Theory-testing research: testing a deterministic relation
» Hypotheses Case Study 3: Theory-testing research: testing a deterministic relation
» Measurement Case Study 3: Theory-testing research: testing a deterministic relation
» Theory Methodological reflection on Case Study 3
» Research objective Research strategy
» Candidate cases Methodological reflection on Case Study 3
» Case selection Hypotheses Methodological reflection on Case Study 3
» Measurement Data presentation Methodological reflection on Case Study 3
» Introduction How to test a probabilistic relation with a case study
» Introduction Case Study 4: Theory-testing research: testing a probabilistic relation
» Research objective Case Study 4: Theory-testing research: testing a probabilistic relation
» Research strategy Case Study 4: Theory-testing research: testing a probabilistic relation
» Candidate cases Case Study 4: Theory-testing research: testing a probabilistic relation
» Case selection Case Study 4: Theory-testing research: testing a probabilistic relation
» Hypotheses Measurement Case Study 4: Theory-testing research: testing a probabilistic relation
» Data presentation Case Study 4: Theory-testing research: testing a probabilistic relation
» Data analysis Case Study 4: Theory-testing research: testing a probabilistic relation
» Theory Methodological reflection on Case Study 4
» Specifying the relation between known concepts
» Discovering a not yet known concept
» Discovering concepts and their relation
» Discovering concepts Principles of theory-building research
» Research strategies in theory-building research
» Outcome and implications Summary
» Introduction How to design and conduct a theory-building case study
» Candidate cases How to design and conduct a theory-building case study
» Case selection How to design and conduct a theory-building case study
» Extracting relevant evidence How to design and conduct a theory-building case study
» Coding How to design and conduct a theory-building case study
» Data presentation How to design and conduct a theory-building case study
» Sufficient condition Data analysis
» Necessary condition Data analysis
» Deterministic relation Data analysis
» Sufficient condition An example of data analysis
» Necessary condition An example of data analysis
» Deterministic relation Probabilistic relation
» Outcome How to design and conduct a theory-building case study
» Introduction Case Study 5: Theory-building research
» Candidate cases Case Study 5: Theory-building research
» Case selection Extracting relevant evidence
» Coding Case Study 5: Theory-building research
» Outcome Case Study 5: Theory-building research
» Justification of a theory-building case study
» Candidate cases Methodological reflection on Case Study 5
» Data analysis Methodological reflection on Case Study 5
» Outcome Methodological reflection on Case Study 5
» Research objective in hypothesis-testing research
» Research strategy in hypothesis-testing research
» Research objective in hypothesis-building research
» Research objective of descriptive practice-oriented research
» Research strategy of practice-oriented descriptive research
» Introduction How to design and conduct a practice-oriented case study
» Case selection How to design and conduct a practice-oriented case study
» Implications of the research results
» Introduction Case Study 6: Hypothesis-testing practice-oriented research
» Hypothesis Case Study 6: Hypothesis-testing practice-oriented research
» Measurement Case Study 6: Hypothesis-testing practice-oriented research
» Data analysis Case Study 6: Hypothesis-testing practice-oriented research
» Results and implications Case Study 6: Hypothesis-testing practice-oriented research
» Practice Methodological reflection on Case Study 6
» Research objective Methodological reflection on Case Study 6
» Case selection Methodological reflection on Case Study 6
» Measurement Methodological reflection on Case Study 6
» Data presentation Methodological reflection on Case Study 6
» Data analysis Methodological reflection on Case Study 6
» Implications for practice Methodological reflection on Case Study 6
» Introduction Case Study 7: Descriptive practice-oriented research
» Absence of guidelines or criteria
» Measurement Case Study 7: Descriptive practice-oriented research
» Data presentation Case Study 7: Descriptive practice-oriented research
» Concept definition Case Study 7: Descriptive practice-oriented research
» Implications Case Study 7: Descriptive practice-oriented research
» Practice Research objective Methodological reflection on Case Study 7
» Case selection Measurement Methodological reflection on Case Study 7
» Data presentation Methodological reflection on Case Study 7
» Data analysis Methodological reflection on Case Study 7
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