THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN DIVERGENT TRILOGY INTO BAHASA INDONESIA.

(1)

A Thesis

THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN

DIVERGENT TRILOGY INTO BAHASA INDONESIA

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

MUHAMMAD SYAFII Registration Number: 8146111039

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

i ABSTRACT

MUHAMMAD SYAFII . The Translation of English Collocations in Divergent Trilogy. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2016.

The research dealt with English collocations in Divergent Trilogy .The objective of this study were (1) To describe types of English collocations in the Divergent Trilogy(2) To describe procedures used in translating Divergent Trilogy (3) To find out the most grammatical collocationsused in Divergent Trilogy. The data were English collocations obtained from clause of DivergentTrilogy. This research applied qualitative research design. The data were collected through documentary technique. The findings of this study showed that: 1) All types of collocatios were found in DivergentTrilogy novel, they are type of lexical collocations and grammatical collocations,2) There were five procedures used in translating English collocations, they are Literal translation (202 data), transposition (15 data), modulation (113 data), equivalence (2 data), and Adaptation (31 data), 3) The dominant grammatical collocations occurred in Divergent Trilogy was type1(preposition + noun).

(6)

ii ABSTRAK

Muhammad Syafii.Terjemahan dari Ungkapan English collocation dalam Divergent Trilogy. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan.2016.

Tesis ini membahas tentang English collocations di Divergent Trilogy.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk menggambarkan English collocationsyang muncul dalam Divergent Trilogy (2) untuk menggambarkan prosedur yang digunakan dalam menerjemah English collocations di Divergent Trilogy (3) untuk menemukan grammatical collocationyang dominan yang digunakan didalam Divergent Trilogy. Datanya adalah English collocations yang diperoleh dari klausa novel Divergent Trilogy. penelitian ini menerapkan penelitian desain penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalu teknik dokumentari. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) semua jenis collocations ditemukan dalam novel Divergent Trilogy, yaitu type lexical collocations dan grammatical collocations, 2)ada lima prosedur yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan English colloactions di divergent trilogy, yaitu Literal translation (202 data), transposition (15data), modulation (113 data), equivalence (2 data), and Adaptation (31 data), 3) grammatical collocationsyang dominan muncul dalam Divergent Trilogy adalah type 1(preposition + noun).

(7)

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, in the name of Almighty ALLAH, the most Gracious and the most Merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank God for His Blessing in the completion of this thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided us to the better life of today.

In the completion of this thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge his deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to his by a lot of people.

The highest appreciation goes to his two advisors, Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as his first advisor and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum. as his second advisor for their all guidance through the completion of this thesis.

Then, his appreciation also goes to. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have assisted his in processing the administration requirements during the process of hih studies in the Postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.

The writer’s great thanks also go to his reviewers and examiners, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning., Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed.and Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and improvements for this thesis. He also would like to express his thankfulness for all lecturers taught him during the academic years of LTBI.

(8)

Finally, his special gratitude is dedicated to his beloved mother who gives his pray, motivation, support, love and also endless praying. And also special thank for his sisters and brothers, Julpan Siagian, Junaidah , Suparman, S.Kom, Jumaiyah and Ilham who always believe in his dreams and a very special thank for his love, Kalvina Elvi who always gives him motivation and no suitable word that can fully describe their everlasting love and express how much he loves them.

Then, his gratitude goes to his friends of LTBI who have supported him to conduct this thesis, especially for Nurul Inayah Hutasuhut, M.Hum, Rizky Ananda, M.Hum, Arman Bemby Sinaga M.Hum, and Muhammad Muslim Nasution, M.Hum for their motivation, help and cooperation. And last but not least, his great thanks also go to his best friends, Anjelina Pasaribu, Lena Sinaga, Wilda Putri, Dodi Setiawan, Azriani Astuti and Tengku Surya Pramana for their support and friendship.

Medan, September 2016 The writer,

Muhammad Syafii Reg. No. 8146111039

(9)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

ABSTRACT ... i

ABSTRAK ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v

LIST OF TABLES ... vii

LIST OF FIGURES ... viii

LIST OF APPENDICES ... ix

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 The Problems of the Study ... 6

1.3 The Objectives of the Study ... 7

1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 7

1.5 The Significance of the Study ... 7

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 9

2.1 Translation... 9

2.2 Translation as product and Process ... 10

2.3 Translation Procedures ... 12

2.4 Types of Translation ... 16

2.5 Methods Translation... 17

2.6 Concept of Meaning ... 19

2.7 Translation of Prose Fiction ... 23

2.8 Problems inTranslation ... 23

2.9 Collocation…………... 30

2.10 Relevant Studies... . 33

2.10 Conceptual Framework……….. 36

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ... 39

3.1 Research Design ... 39

3.2 The Data and the Source of Data ... 39

3.3 Techniques of Data Collection ... 40

(10)

3.5 Trustworthiness of the Study ... 42

CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 47

4.1 Data Analysis ... 47

4.1.1 English Collocation Occur in Translating Divergent Trilogy Novel... ... ... 61

4.1.2 Translation Procedures are used in Translating Divergent Trilogy ... 62

4.1.3 The Most Dominant grammatical collocations is Used in Translating Divergent Trilogy Novel ... 66

4.2 Research Findings ... 66

4.3 Discussions ... 67

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 71

5.1 Conclusions ... 71

5.2 Suggestions ... 72

REFERENCES ... 73

(11)

viii

LIST OF FIGURE

Pages Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework ... 38

(12)

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. The Background of the Study

Translation has an important role in transferring technology and literature in Indonesia. Because of the differences in structure and system in doing translation from Indonesian into English, it is not an easy thing. To make it easier, a translator should show the important of translation. Translation is useful in many aspects, they are: education, literary, trade, politic, entertainment, information, etc.

Many people need translation to do their activities in those aspects. Since there are many appliances used in English then Indonesian need its translation in order to get understands the meaning of its appliances. Therefore, highly qualified translators - who have good knowledge about the target language (TL) and the languages they have to transform as source language (SL) are required. To produce a good translation, a qualified translator has been able to understand ideas and thought including the message expressed in the SL and representing it in the TL.

A good translator should be able translate any kinds of translation. One kind of translation that can be found is literary works. Literary works have many kinds of types and Novel is one of them.

Novel is included into literary works, so literary translation is focused in this analysis. It is not easy to translate literary works, thus, to bridge two languages; the translators should have particular qualities.

(13)

There might be some potential problems appear in translating Novel from the source language into the target language. The problems are related to various types of nonequivalence required different strategies, some of them straight forward and others more involved and difficult to handle. In some contexts, strategies will help the translators to deal with non-equivalence. Thus, it attracts curiosity about what methods applied by the translator and in what situation the methods are used.

Nida and Taber in Hoed (1993:57) state that the processes of translation are:

1. Analysis (learning the source text).

It is the first step in which the content and the purpose in the source text is entirely be read and be understood.

2. Transfer (replacing the substance of source language with its equivalence

substance of target language).

In this step, the message in the source text is transferred into the target text. The message can be a content, idea or thought.

3. Restructure (adapted the translated text to the turn of reader). Restructure

means rearrange. In other word, after transferring the message from source text into the target text, a translator has to rearrange

To spread extensively information provided in many foreign languages, the role of translator surely essential . In translation work, a translator does some strategies to make his/her translation as a natural product in target language. This way conducted in order the meaning acceptable for reader in the target language. Nida and Taber (1982:12) state that “translating consists of reproducing in the

(14)

receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. Based on this statement it can be clear that meaning of a source language text must be substituted by the closest natural equivalent in the target language.

From the staement above it can be said that translation is a process to transfer the meaning not the form. For example, Indonesian translation of all students take bus is not semua siswa mengambil bis but it is translated to semua siswa naik bis. The sentence is translated so in order to keep the naturalness of the meaning . This statement has been said by Simatupang in his book. Simatupang (2000) states that Naturalness according to the target language must be attempted to make the readers do not realize that they are reading a translation..

Translating the novel is not an easy work. If it is not done carefully, could slide into the interpreter translating sentence by sentence. As a result, though it looks nice and coherent, the resulting overall target text does not reveal messages such as those mandated by the original script and it is not readable. In order totranslate thenovel, thetranslatormust masterat least threethings:linguisticaspects of thesource textandthe target text, culturalaspectscontainedin thenovel, and theskills ofstorytelling.The thirdcapabilityis necessary becausethetranslationis thestory. Withouttheseskills, resultingtarget textwill feelstiffanduncomfortableto read.

Reading a translation of a literary work is no more unusual in the circumstances of readership. One of literary works is novel . Besides popular , novel has become an interesting reading for many people around the world as a medium of entertainment.

(15)

To satisfy the reader , translator must make an effort to produce a good translation product . Larson (1984) states that the best translation is the one which (a) use the normal language forms of the receptor language , (b) communicates, as much as possible to the receptor language speakers the same meaning that was understood by the speaker of the source language , and (c) maintains the dynamic of the original source language text.

One of the obstacles that may be found by the translator is translating English words combination into Indonesian, for example, is in translating collocation. Collocations play a vital role in the language: they are considered to be the mechanism that provides cohesion or textuality to the text. In addition, collocations are an essential organizing principle in the terminology of any language. Sarikas states that Collocations are important combinations of words that endow the language with natural sounding speech and writing (2006: 36).

Collocations have many important functions in language, Sarikas (2006) states that; one function is that collocations help people talk and write about any topic and communicate effectively, which means that by going through the procedure of having a productive collocation (to know which adjectives are used with which nouns and vice versa), one develops one’s learning of linguistic rules as well as improves one’s linguistic ability and skills.

Martyńska (2004) in her study concludes that Although collocation has become the subject of a linguistic study only recently, it attracts a growing interest from numerous linguists and is defined in various ways. Accordingly, there is no exhaustive and uniform definition or categorization of collocation. Therefore, it

(16)

tends to be one of the most problematic and error-generating area of vocabulary, especially for second language learners.

Learning collocation is an important part of learning the vocabulary of a language. Then, the best way is by finding the words that often used in English. Michael McCarthy Felicity O'Dell (2005) states that A collocation is a pair or a group of words that are often used together. These combinations, sound natural to native speakers, but students of English have to make a special effort to learn them because they are often difficult to guess." Some combinations just sound 'wrong about native speakers of English. For example, the adjective fast collocates with cars, but not a glance. Some collocations are more open, where several different words may be used to give a similar meaning. For example, keep to/stick to the rules. Ghazali (2006) in his study Collocations and Word Combinations in English: Considerations, Classifications, and Pedagogic Implications state that Learning collocation is learning how to communicate idiomatically.

Lubis (2013) in his study Collocation as Source of Translation Unacceptability: Indonesian Students’ Experiences. This paper discussed about wrong English collocations made by some Indonesian English learners and to find out the causes of the wrong collocations. After comparing the patterns of English collocations and the Indonesian collocations the writer found out that the erroneous English collocations are attributed to four causes: (1) learners’ lack of knowledge of collocation, (2) differences of collocations between English and Bahasa Indonesia, (3) learners’ low mastery of vocabulary and (4) strong interferences of the learners’ native language.

(17)

Learning about collocation can be found by studying through the novel, film, newspaper, magazine, and others. Thus, the writer chooses a novel as a project of the material for analysis of English collocation. It is because by learning collocation can be improving our skills like giving us alternative ways of saying something in speaking and improving our style in writing with new words that the writer can find.

It is challenging to analyze the translation of English Collocation in Novel “Divergent Trilogy” into Bahasa Indonesia by Veronica Roth. This Sentence is taken from Novel “Divergent Trilogy” , “I decide not to take the bus. If I get home early, my father will notice when he checks the house log at the end of the day.” It translated to kuputuskan tidak naik bus. Kalau aku pulang lebih cepat , ayah akan tahu saat ia memeriksa log rumah nanti. Words ‘take’ and the ‘bus’ collocate each other and create meaning i.e naik (menaiki), not translated to mengambil bus. Based on this example the translator should be concerned to find the equivalence of English collocation in Indonesian..

The writer wants to analyze the English collocation by analyzing the novel. The writer chooses the novel Divergent Trilogy . The novel Divergent Trilogy is the first series of the novel. The Divergent Trilogy by Veronica Roth which was published world wide by Harpercollins Publisher and has been published in 2011. The novel consists of 39 chapters. In additon the novel also has been filmed and it has been watched world wide, this novel is one of the best seller novels in New York, and there are many collocations inside the novel as the project of this research.

(18)

1.2. The Problems of the Study

1. What are the types of English collocations in the Divergent Trilogy?

2. How are the English Collocations in Divergent Trilogy translated into

Indonesia?

3. What is the most dominant grammatical collocation used in translating

Divergent Trilogy?

1.3. The Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the analysis in this study are concerned with the problem of the study. They are:

1. to find out the types of of English collocations in the Divergent Trilogy.

2. to describe How the English Collocations in the Divergent Trilogy translated

into Indonesia .

3. to find outthe the most dominant grammatical collocations is used in

translating Divergent Trilogy?

1.4. The Scope of the Study

Research limitation is needed to give a focus to this research. This research focused on the translation of English collocations in Divergent Trilogy Novel into Bahasa Indonesia by Anggun prameswari of the SL into TL after they are translated.

1.5. The Significance of the Study

Findings of the study are expected taken significant theoretical and practical. Theoretically, the findings of the present study are expected to be useful for those who are interested in translation work especially for the translation of

(19)

English Collocation. Practically, it is also hoped that it will be useful for translator who is concerned with translating and the writer hopes that this research will provide additional references for those who want to conduct studies in this field

(20)

71 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

Having analyzed the data, conclusions of this study are drawn as the following:

1) The types of English collocations in Divergent Trilogy found by the researcher namely (1) lexical collocations and (2) grammatical collocations..

2) The English collocations in divergent trilogy were translated by applying 5 translation procedures, namely literal translation (55.6%), transposition (4.2%), modulation (31.1%), equivalence (0.6%), and adaptation (8.5%).

3) The most dominant of grammatical collocations used in Divergent Trilogy was type 1. Type is preposition + noun. The preposition cannot be separated from the noun.

Language is a means of communication among people,and language fluency is influenced by how this language is acquired. Collocation is one of the most important parts in language . collocations might be described as the words taht are located or foun together in predictable patterns in speech and writing. The indentifications of cillocational constraints can guarantee the straightforwardness of language used by non- native speaker, therefore in the case of translating of English collocations would give explanation and understanding how the way to

(21)

use collocation itself even used by non-native speaker and the tranlation procedures from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL)

5.2 Suggestions

From the data analysis and conlusion above, the researcher purpose some sugestions as follows:

1. To teacher

Teacher need to inform students that collocations is very important and based on the meaning, collocations should be recognized as the important element because the meaning of collocations itself is predictable.

2. To language learner

This study can be used by the learners or university students to improve their ability to translate collocations in sentence.

3. To other researcher

To explore a more detailed analysis of translating collocations in sentences in complex clause. This will be able to help the strengthen the significance of this kind of translation which is to provide a critical tool for the analysis of translating collocations.

(22)

REFERENCES.

Baker, M. 1992. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. London: Routledge.

Bassnett, S. and A. Lefevere.1998.Constructing cultures.Essays on literarytranslation.

Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Bassnett-McGuire, S. 1980.Translation Studies. London: Methuen.

Bell, Roger T. 1991. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. New York:

Longman.

Benson, M., Benson, E., & Ilson, R. 1997. The BBI dictionary of English word

combinations (2nd ed.).Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing

Company.

Bogdan, Robert C. and Biklen, Sari K. 1982.Qualitative Research for

Education: An Introduction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.

Bogdan, Robert and Taylor, Steven J. 1975: Introduction to Qualitative Research

Methods: A Phenomenological Approach to the Social Sciences. New

York: A Wiley-International Publication.

Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press.

Chesterman, A. (ed.) 1989. Readings In Translation Theory. Helsinki: Finn Lectura.

Dongkwang, S. 2007. Beyond Single Words: The Most Frequent Collocations in Spoken

English. ELT Journal, Volume 62, Number 4, 339-348.

Farrokh, P. 2007. Raising Awereness of Collocation in ESL/EFL Classrooms. Journal of

Studies in Education, Volume 2, Number 3, 55-74.

Hornby, Albert Sidney. 2005.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.Oxford University

Press.

Koskinen, K. 2003. Ekvivalenssistaerojenleikkiin - käännöstiedejakääntäjänetiikka. In R.

Oittinen and P. Mäkinen (eds.), Alussaolikäännös. Tampere: Tampere University

Press, 374-387.

Landers, C.E. 2001.Literary Translation.A Practical Guide.Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Larson, M.L. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation.A Guide to cross-language equivalence.

Lanham: University Press of America.

Lefevere, A. 1992. Translating literature. Practice and Theory in a Tomparative

(23)

Lincoln, Y. S,.&Guba, E.G. 1985.Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Lubis, S. 2013. Collocation as Source of Translation Unacceptability: Indonesian Students’

Experiences. International Journal of English Language Linguistic, Vol.3.

Martiynska, M. 2004. Do English Language Learners Know Collocations.Investigation

Linguistic, Volume 9.

Moleong, J. L. 2006. Methodology PenelitianKualitatif; EdisiRevisi. Bandung:

RemajaRosdakarya.

Michael McCarthy, Felicity O’dell,2005.English Collocation in Use.Cambridge University

Press

Miles,M.B.,Huberman,A.M. &Saldaña,Johnny(2014).Qualitativedataanalysis:a

methodssourcebook(3rded.).ArizonaStateUniversity, CA:Sage.

Newmark, P. 1981. Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Pergamon.

Nida, Eugene A. & Taber, Charles R. 1982.The Theory and Practice of Translation.

Netherland: E. J. Brill, Leiden.

Oittinen, R. 2003. Tekstilajijastrategia: Ajatuksiakaunokirjallisestakääntämisestä. In R.

Oittinen and P. Mäkinen(eds.), Alussaolikäännös. Tampere: Tampere University

Press.

Popovic. A. 1980. Problems of Literary Translation. Moscow: VisshayaShkola.

Samaneh, S. 2013. The Effect of Teaching Collocation on Enhanching Iranian EFL Learners’

Reading Comprehension. Journal of Advances in English Language Teaching,

Vol.139,pp. 1-11.

Sarikas, F. 2006. Problems in Translating Collocations.ElektronikSosyalBilimlerDergisi,

5(17), 33-40.

Vehmas-Lehto, I. 2002.Kopiointiavaikommunikointia?Johdatuskäännösteoriaan. Helsinki:

Finn Lectura.

Venuti, Laurence. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge Taylor and

Francis.

Vinay, Jean-Paul and Darbelnet, Jean. 2000. A Methodology for Translationin Vinuti.

Wills, W. 1982.The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods. Tubingen: Gunter

(1)

1.2. The Problems of the Study

1. What are the types of English collocations in the Divergent Trilogy?

2. How are the English Collocations in Divergent Trilogy translated into Indonesia?

3. What is the most dominant grammatical collocation used in translating Divergent Trilogy?

1.3. The Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the analysis in this study are concerned with the problem of the study. They are:

1. to find out the types of of English collocations in the Divergent Trilogy.

2. to describe How the English Collocations in the Divergent Trilogy translated into Indonesia .

3. to find outthe the most dominant grammatical collocations is used in translating Divergent Trilogy?

1.4. The Scope of the Study

1.5. The Significance of the Study

(2)

(3)

71 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

Having analyzed the data, conclusions of this study are drawn as the following:

1) The types of English collocations in Divergent Trilogy found by the researcher namely (1) lexical collocations and (2) grammatical collocations..

3) The most dominant of grammatical collocations used in Divergent Trilogy was type 1. Type is preposition + noun. The preposition cannot be separated from the noun.

(4)

use collocation itself even used by non-native speaker and the tranlation procedures from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL)

5.2 Suggestions

From the data analysis and conlusion above, the researcher purpose some sugestions as follows:

1. To teacher

2. To language learner

This study can be used by the learners or university students to improve their ability to translate collocations in sentence.

3. To other researcher

(5)

Baker, M. 1992. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. London: Routledge.

Bassnett, S. and A. Lefevere.1998.Constructing cultures.Essays on literarytranslation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Bassnett-McGuire, S. 1980.Translation Studies. London: Methuen.

Bell, Roger T. 1991. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. New York: Longman.

Benson, M., Benson, E., & Ilson, R. 1997. The BBI dictionary of English word

combinations (2nd ed.).Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing

Company.

Bogdan, Robert C. and Biklen, Sari K. 1982.Qualitative Research for

Education: An Introduction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.

Bogdan, Robert and Taylor, Steven J. 1975: Introduction to Qualitative Research

Methods: A Phenomenological Approach to the Social Sciences. New

York: A Wiley-International Publication.

Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Chesterman, A. (ed.) 1989. Readings In Translation Theory. Helsinki: Finn Lectura.

Dongkwang, S. 2007. Beyond Single Words: The Most Frequent Collocations in Spoken

English. ELT Journal, Volume 62, Number 4, 339-348.

Farrokh, P. 2007. Raising Awereness of Collocation in ESL/EFL Classrooms. Journal of

Studies in Education, Volume 2, Number 3, 55-74.

Hornby, Albert Sidney. 2005.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.Oxford University Press.

Koskinen, K. 2003. Ekvivalenssistaerojenleikkiin - käännöstiedejakääntäjänetiikka. In R.

Oittinen and P. Mäkinen (eds.), Alussaolikäännös. Tampere: Tampere University

Press, 374-387.

Landers, C.E. 2001.Literary Translation.A Practical Guide.Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Larson, M.L. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation.A Guide to cross-language equivalence.

Lanham: University Press of America.

Lefevere, A. 1992. Translating literature. Practice and Theory in a Tomparative

(6)

Lincoln, Y. S,.&Guba, E.G. 1985.Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Lubis, S. 2013. Collocation as Source of Translation Unacceptability: Indonesian Students’

Experiences. International Journal of English Language Linguistic, Vol.3.

Martiynska, M. 2004. Do English Language Learners Know Collocations.Investigation

Linguistic, Volume 9.

Moleong, J. L. 2006. Methodology PenelitianKualitatif; EdisiRevisi. Bandung: RemajaRosdakarya.

Michael McCarthy, Felicity O’dell,2005.English Collocation in Use.Cambridge University Press

Miles,M.B.,Huberman,A.M. &Saldaña,Johnny(2014).Qualitativedataanalysis:a

methodssourcebook(3rded.).ArizonaStateUniversity, CA:Sage.

Newmark, P. 1981. Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Pergamon.

Nida, Eugene A. & Taber, Charles R. 1982.The Theory and Practice of Translation. Netherland: E. J. Brill, Leiden.

Oittinen, R. 2003. Tekstilajijastrategia: Ajatuksiakaunokirjallisestakääntämisestä. In R.

Oittinen and P. Mäkinen(eds.), Alussaolikäännös. Tampere: Tampere University

Press.

Popovic. A. 1980. Problems of Literary Translation. Moscow: VisshayaShkola.

Samaneh, S. 2013. The Effect of Teaching Collocation on Enhanching Iranian EFL Learners’

Reading Comprehension. Journal of Advances in English Language Teaching,

Vol.139,pp. 1-11.

Sarikas, F. 2006. Problems in Translating Collocations.ElektronikSosyalBilimlerDergisi, 5(17), 33-40.

Vehmas-Lehto, I. 2002.Kopiointiavaikommunikointia?Johdatuskäännösteoriaan. Helsinki: Finn Lectura.

Venuti, Laurence. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis.

THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN DIVERGENT TRILOGY INTO BAHASA INDONESIA.