Subject – Predicate Data Analysis

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4.2.1 Subject – Predicate

This pattern consists of one subject and one verb without any additional complement or adjunct. This pattern can be called as the simplest pattern of sentence. Yet, the writer divides this pattern into several types in accordance to the kinds of verbs in the sentence. The followings are the intransitive sentences which are taken from Sidney Sheldon’s if tomorrow comes.

4.2.1.1 Subject – Predicate Verbs of Behavior

The following is the intransitive sentence which follows this pattern and is taken from the novel. 1 The head cashier joked. Sheldon, 1986:7 S P Data 1 consists of the structure: noun phrase subject and verb predicate. In order to complete the sentence, data 1 can also be added some modifiers time, place since the verb ‘joked’ is an intransitive verb. In the novel, the data 1 has the function as the introductory of the conversation which explains the reader the expression of the character. This is the complete sentence of the data 1: “I passed two ducks swimming down Market Street,” the head cashier joked. And the sentence above contains an inherent activity. It can be seen from the kinds of verb ‘joked’ which categorized as the dynamic verb. The type of the situation in the sentence is activity because the activity in the sentence can be ended in certain time. The sentence above can also be classified into dynamic since the verb can be modified by adverb such as: ‘The Head Cashier Joked Activity’. 2 A teller complained. Sheldon, 1986:7 S P Universitas Sumatera Utara 25 Data 2 above has the structure: noun phrase subject and verb predicator. The sentence does not necessarily need additional modifiers since the verb is intransitive verb. In other words, we can understand the sentence clearly without some additional modifiers or adverbs. Data 2 above contains an inherent activity which can be seen from the verb ‘complain’. The verb is the kind of dynamic verb which show the activities situation. Data 2 is also categorized as dynamic, not only because the type of verb is dynamic but also of the verb can be modified by adverb. With addition adverb, the sentence can be seen as “A teller complained lately”. 3 I am soaked. Sheldon, 1986:7 S P The data 3 has the structure: pronoun subject and verb phrase predicate. The sentence does not necessarily any additional modifiers since the verb is an intransitive verb and the readers can also understand sentence clearly. Data 3 has the meaning event, because the verb ‘soaked’ can be categorized into dynamic verb, and the situation is activities because the activity can be ended in the certain time. Data 3 can also be classified into the characteristic dynamic since the verb can be modified by adverb. 4 Charles was saying. Sheldon, 1986:9 S P The data 4 has the structure: noun phrase subject and verb phrase predicate. The sentence does not necessarily need an additional adverb or adjunct since the sentence, in the novel, has the introductory function to the conversation; Charles was saying. “ I hope you’re free for dinner tomorrow…” Sheldon, 1986:9. Data 4 above has the meaning inherent activity. It can be seen from the verb phrase ‘was saying’ which shows a progressing activity. Therefore, the situation is activities. The data 4 can also into the dynamic, since the verb can be modified by adverb. Universitas Sumatera Utara 26 5 Budge was beaming. Sheldon, 1986:208 S P The data 5 has the structure: noun subject and verb phrase predicate. The word ‘was’ which is attached to the predicator has the function as auxiliary verb to show the tense. The sentence also does not definitely need any additional modifier or complement since the verb is an intransitive verb. . Data above has the meaning inherent activity. It can be seen from the verb ‘beaming’ which belongs to the category activities. The situation is also activities. The data 5 also has the characteristic dynamic. 6 Mr. Stanhope murmured. Sheldon, 1986:14 S P The data 6 has the structure: noun phrase subject and verb predicator. The sentence does not necessarily need any complement or modifier since the verb is intransitive verb. The readers understand the sentence clearly without any additional modifier or complement. Data 6 has the meaning inherent activity since the verb shows an activity. The verb ‘murmured’ can be categorized into dynamic verb. The situation in the sentence is activities. 7 Otto Schmidt blinked. Sheldon, 1986:23 S P The data 7 has the structure: noun subject and verb predicator. The verb does not necessarily need any complement or modifier since the readers can understand the sentence clearly without any addition. The verb is basically an intransitive verb. Data 7 happens in a very short time. It can be seen from the verb ‘blinked’ which belongs to semelfactive situation. This verb shows an activity which happens punctually. The Universitas Sumatera Utara 27 data7 can be classified into punctual, since the verb shows an activity which occurs in a sudden or does not need any temporal duration. 8 He smiled lazily. Sheldon, 1986:306 S P The data 8 has the structure: pronoun subject and verb phrase predicate. There is also word ‘lazily’ after the verb ‘smiled’. The word ‘lazily’ has the function as an adverb to clarify the verb. The writer classifies the data 8 into this pattern subject- predicator although there is an adverb in the sentence, since the verb ‘smiled’ is one of the verbs of behavior. In addition, the using of the adverb in the sentence is also optional. The sentence can also be understood clearly without the existence of the adverb as ‘He smiled’. The data 8 contains a situation which happens in a very sudden or punctual. The verb ‘smiled’ belongs to a dynamic verb. The type of situation is semelfactive. The data 8 can be categorized into dynamic since there is an adverb ‘lazily’ which has the function to modify the verb.

4.2.1.2 Subject – Predicate Verbs of Weather

9 It’s raining. Sheldon, 1986:4 S P The data 9 has the structure: pronoun subject and verb phrase predicate. The auxiliary verb ‘was’ which is attached to the predicator has the function to show the tense of the sentence. The verb in the sentence does not necessarily need any additional modifier or complement since the sentence can be understood clearly. The data 9 explains a situation in a certain time. The verb ‘rain’ shows the unbounded process situation since the activity can end in a certain time. The data 9 can be classified into dynamic since the verb can be modified by adverb. Universitas Sumatera Utara 28

4.2.1.3 Subject – Predicate Verbs of Occurrence

10 The matron was gone . Sheldon, 1986:55 S P The data 10 has the structure: noun phrase subject and verb predicate. The word ‘was’ is an auxiliary which shows the tense of the sentence. The addition of the modifier or adverb is optional since the type of verb in the sentence is intransitive verb. The sentence can be understood clearly without any addition. The data 10 shows an event since the activity is progressing, but the verb does not contain any process. The type of the situation is activities, and it can be classified into dynamic. The verb in the sentence can also modified by adverb as: “the matron was gone immediately”. 11 The banking day had begun. Sheldon, 1986:12 S P The structure of the data 11 is noun phrase subject and verb phrase predicate. The subject is noun phrase by using gerund and predicator consists of auxiliary verb and verb. The predicator in the sentence does not necessarily need additional modifier or complement since the verb ‘begun’ is one of the intransitive verb. The sentence can be understood clearly without any modifier or complement. The data11 explains an activity which happens in immediate time. The verb ‘begun’ is categorized to achievements, and the situation is also achievements. The verb ‘begun’ has terminal points in the sentence, the banking day. Therefore, the verb ‘begun’ belongs to telic. 12 A pedestrian was approaching . Sheldon, 1986:197 S P Universitas Sumatera Utara 29 The structure of the data 12 is noun phrase subject and verb predicate. The sentence does not necessarily need complement or modifier since the sentence can be understood clearly. The predicator in the sentence consists of to be which function as auxiliary verb to show the sentence. The meaning of data 12 is process. it means that the sentence explains about the situation which needs a process to achieve the target. The type of verb in the sentence is dynamic verb. 13 Louse Hollander’s mouth tightened . Sheldon, 1986:197 S P The structure of the data 13 is noun phrase subject and verb predicate. Although the verb can be modified by modifier or complement, but it is not really necessary since the sentence can be understood clearly. The verb ‘tightened’ can also be modified by an adverb although in the novel the sentence is not completed by modifier or complement. Therefore, the data 13 can be classified into dynamic. 14 The connection was broken. Sheldon, 1986:127 S P The structure of the data 14 is a noun phrase which consists of definite article and noun, and the predicate consists of to be and verb. The verb ‘broken’ can be understood clearly without adding any modifier or complement. The data 14 is activity. It can be seen from the verb ‘broken’ which belong to states situation. The type of the state situation of this sentences is static since the verb does not show an activity which is happening or changing.

4.2.2 Subject – Predicate – Locative Complement