Subject – Predicate – Complement of the subject .

39 information about the place where the subject works. Then, data 36 indicates an event. The verb ‘worked’ is dynamic verb. In the novel, the data 36 is used to give information about a certain character. The following is the complete sentence in the novel “for Christ’s Sake, Louise, he’s a nothing. He worked in a carnival. My god, you might as well be marrying a stable hand …Sheldon, 1986:198. The data 36 belongs to states situation, since the sentence is atelic no progress.

4.2.4. Subject – Predicate – Complement of the subject .

This pattern consists of subject, predicator and complement. The writer divides this pattern into two kinds according to the type of the verb.

4.2.4.1 Subject – Predicate – Complement of the subject verb of being

37 Desmond was the image of an important executive. Sheldon, 1986:12 S P Cs The structure of the data 37 is noun subject, auxiliary verb predicate, and noun phrase complement of the subject . The predicator ‘was’ can be classified into stative verb and verbs of being, since the predicator does not contain an activity. The phrase ‘the image of an important executive’ has the function to modify the subject. Without the existence of the phrase complement of the subject, the sentence will not be meaningful and acceptable. 38 She was in her mid-twenties. Sheldon, 1986:6 S P Cs The structure of data 38 is pronoun subject, auxiliary verb predicate and prepositional phrase complement of the subject. The predicator is in the form of to be ‘was’ which belongs to verbs of being. In order to be clearer, here is the parts of the sentence in the novel ‘…She was in her mid-twenties, with a lively, intelligent face, a full, sensuous mouth, sparking eyes…’ Sheldon, 1986:6. From the whole parts of the sentence, it can be seen that the complement of the subject is not only in Universitas Sumatera Utara 40 her mid-twenties , with a lively, and et cetera. Yet, the writer only selects out one prepositional phrase complement of the subject, since the phrase can represent the position of the other phrases. Then data 38 indicates a static situation which is done in a long time. The predicator ‘was’ is one of stative verbs, and it can be categorized into states situation. The predicator ‘was’ can also be classified into static, since the sentence indicates a non-happening event. 39 The Whitney residence was a Victorian house located in the Garden District in S P Cs the residential section . Sheldon, 1986:13 The structure of the data 39 is noun phrase subject, verb predicate and simple clause complement of the subject. The complement of the subject ‘ a Victorian house located in the Garden District in the residential section’ has the function to clarify the subject ‘The Whitney residence’. Without the existence of the complement of the subject, the sentence will not be obvious enough. Than the data 39 indicates a static condition which will happen for a long time and the time is unlimited atelic. The types of predicator is stative, so the situation which appears in the sentence is states. The sentence also indicates a non-happening event which describes permanent situation. 40 Joe Romano was mafia. Sheldon, 1986:91 S P Cs The structure of the data 40 is noun subject, verb predicator and adjective complement of the subject. The complement of the subject is in form of adjective which has function to give more information about the subject ‘Joe Romano’. The data 40 can also be classified into the characteristic static since the sentence indicates a non-happening event, instead of merely describing the subject. Universitas Sumatera Utara 41 41 You are one of our most valuable employees. Sheldon, 1986:12 S P Cs The structure of the data 41 is pronoun subject, verb predicate and adjective phrase complement of the subject. The complement of the subject ‘one of our most valuable employees’ has the function to clarify the subject ‘you’. The existence of the complement of the subject is definitely necessary to complete the structure and the meaning of the sentence. The data 41 can also be classified into static since the sentence contains a non-happening situation. 42 Stanhope and Sons was one of the most important investment houses in S P Cs the financial community . Sheldon, 1986:13 The structure of the data 42 is noun phrase subject, verb predicate and noun clause complement of the subject. The type of the predicator is verb of being, so the sentence is classified into the intransitive sentence. The subject is plural, while the predicator is singular. It happens since the subject has been in a unity. The complement of the subject is necessary to modify the subject ‘Stanhope and Sons’. Than the data 42 indicates a static condition. The event happens for a long and unlimited time. Since the kind of the predicator is stative verb, the situation which appear in the sentence is states static. The sentence also contains a non-happening situation. 43 Her tenth birthday was the most exciting day of her life. Sheldon, 1986:55 S P Cs The structure of the data 43 is noun phrase subject, verb predicate and noun phrase complement of the subject. In the noun phrase complement of the subject ‘the most exciting day of her life’, the head is ‘exciting day’, the determiner is ‘the’, ‘most’ as the modifier and the phrase ‘of her life’ is the adjunct. The whole Universitas Sumatera Utara 42 complement of the subject is necessary to clarify the subject. Without the existence of the complement of the subject, the sentence will be hanging and incomplete. The type of the predicator is verb of being, so the sentence is totally as an intransitive sentence. In the novel, the sentence is used to explain a character when he was in tenth age. Since the predicator is stative verb, the situation which appears is states. The data 43 can also be classified into static, since the sentence contains a non- happening event. 44 The weekly Friday-night poker at Perry Pope’s house was an event to S P which all the players eagerly looked forward. Sheldon, 1986:139 Cs The structure of the data 44 is noun phrase subject, verb predicate and adjective clause complement of the subject. The complement of the subject is adjectival phrase which consists of pronoun ‘which’ which has functioned as the modifier to the phrase ‘an event’. Over all, the whole parts of the complement of the subject give much more information to the subject. The type of the predicate is verb of being , so the sentence is classified into the intransitive sentence. The data 44 indicates a static condition which happens for a long time atelic. The situation which appears in the sentence is states, since the type of the predicator is stative verb. The data 44 also contains non-happening event. 45 The prison grapevine was incredible. Sheldon, 1986:79 S P Cs The structure of the data 45 is noun phrase subject, verb predicate and adjective complement of the subject. The predicator ‘was’ is auxiliary verb which is categorized into linking verb verbs of being. The complement of the subject in this sentence is in the form of adjective which clarifies the subject ‘the prison grapevine’. Universitas Sumatera Utara 43 The data 45 indicates a static meaning in which the condition happens for a long time atelic. The predicator ‘was’ is stative verb, so the situation is states. This data can also be classified into characteristic static since the sentence contains a non- happening event. 46 Anthony Orsatty was a king who ran his fiefdom with bribes, guns, and S P Cs black mail . Sheldon, 1986:128 The data 46 consists of noun subject, verb predicate and adjective clause complement of the subject. The complement of the subject in this data consists of adjective clause. Therefore, the writer divides again the complement of the subject into several parts. ‘A king’ is a noun phrase, ‘who ran his fiefdom’ is adjective clause, while ‘with bribes, guns, and black mail’ is the adverb. The subordinate conjunction ‘who’ is the subject of the adjective clause. The data 46 constains a static meaning which happens for a long time atelic. The predicator is stative verb, so the situation which appears is states. The data 46 can also be classified into static since the sentence contains a non-happening event.

4.2.4.2 Subject – Predicate – Complement of the subject verbs of becoming

47 The carnies became Jeff’s friend. Sheldon, 1986:190 S P Cs The structure of the data 47 is noun phrase subject, verb predicate and noun phrase complement of the subject. Noun phrase in the subject consists of definite article ‘the’ and noun ‘carnies’. The predicator is verb of coming. The complement of the subject ‘Jeff’s friend’ consists of possession or possessive pronoun. The data 47 indicates a condition which is resulting attributes. The Universitas Sumatera Utara 44 predicate ‘became’ is a dynamic verb and it is also categorized into verbs of becoming. The situation which appears is states, since the event is static and atelic. 48 She had her mother thinness and deepset, intelligent hazel eyes. S P Cs Sheldon, 1986:95 The structure of the data 48 is pronoun subject, verb predicate and noun phrase complement of the subject. In the complement of the subject, the noun phrase is placed as an adjective which describes the physical thing of the subject ‘she’ . Without the existence of the complement of the subject, the sentence will be completely blur or emerge. Since the type of the predicator is verb of becoming, the sentence is categorized into intransitive sentence. Based on the sentence, the data 48 indicates a condition which is static and happens for a long time telic. It happens because the type of predicator is a verb of becoming. The situation which appears is states, since the verb ‘became’ is also classified into stative verb. The data 48 can also be classified into static, as the sentence contains a non-happening event.s

4.3. Findings