Materials and Methods treatment of ginger (o.i.); G4: a pre treatment of ginger -

2. Materials and Methods treatment of ginger (o.i.); G4: a pre treatment of ginger -

2.1 Animals

2 h prior to treatment of drug; G5: a simultaneous treatment of ginger and treatment of drug; G6: a

Male Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) MFI strain, post-treatment of ginger 2 h after treatment drug.

8-9 weeks old, weighed 25-30 g, were obtained from the animal house of King Fahad Medical Research

2.5 Cytogenetic Methods

Centre, KAU. Animals were housed in plastic cages Chromosomal aberrations (CA): Bone marrow cells with steel wire tops in an air conditioned room (22 ± of male albino mice were examined for chromosomal 1°C,45-75% relative humidity) maintained in a aberrations according to the method described by Adler controlled atmosphere of 12 h light/12 h dark cycle.

[13]. Mice were intraperitoneal injected with 0.05% The mice were maintained basal diet (20% crude

colchicines dissolved in distilled water for 2 h before protein, 4% crude fat, 3.5% crude fiber, and energy

killing to arrest dividing cells. At least 50 metaphases 2,850 kcal/kg diet), and water were provided ad labium.

were examined using research microscope with oil

2.2 Test Compounds immersion lens.

Taxol (Paclitaxel) which has been recently introduced Micronucleus (Mn) assay: three groups animals used into Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a natural anticancer

for scoring the number of micronuclei in drug was obtained from Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital

polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) is performed Pharmacy. The dose used in the present study was

according to the method described in Refs. [14, 15]. calculated based on human therapeutic dose (0.6 mg/kg).

With some modifications [16], the bone marrow was Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) was prepared by

pushed out with a pin, placed on a microscope slide, heating 400 mL of distilled water at 80°C; then soaked

and mixed with drop of fetal calf serum and then

20 g of dry ginger for 60 min and then permitted to air-dried. The specimen was then fixed in absolute interfere with his candidacy and get rid of the sludge

methyl alcohol for five minutes, and the slide was and then put in dark bottles. Each animal was given a

stained with 10% Giemsa stain for 10 min. 7,000 cells dose of about 0.2 mL/kg of ginger using the Tube

per each treatment were examined to score the number infectious which is placed directly in the mouth.

of micronuclei in PCEs.

Effect of Therapeutic Ginger on Genotoxic of Taxol Drug (Anti-Cancer) in Bone Marrow Cell of Male Mice 899

2.6 Protective Effect recorded a significant in the group treated with ginger with Taxol. The treatment with ginger before the drug

The protective index of ginger against the was highly significant in numerical chromosomal clastogenic and cytotoxic effects of Taxol on the aberrations (polyploidy), while the treatment of ginger induction of CA and MN was calculated according to after the drug has demonstrated highly significant the equations in Ref. [17] as following: ranges between (0.05) and highly significant ( 0.01 ) in % CA (G + Taxol DDP) groups 100 –

structural chromosomal aberrations (centromeric % CA (Taxol DDP) groups division) and numerical (endomitosis and polyploidy) % MN (G + Taxol DDP) groups 100 –

compared to control sample.

% MN (Taxol DDP) groups When the results obtained from the common

2.7 Statistical Analysis treatments of ginger with the drug were compared using a protective index %, it was clear that, there was

a decrease in total number of chromosomal aberrations, aberrations and micronuclei T-test and analysis of

SPSS program was used for analyzing chromosomal

but this decrease did not reach the level of control variance (ANOVA) followed by the least significant

group where the rate of decreasing is 78.52% in the differences (LSD).

treatment of ginger simultaneously with the drug