Results followed by treatment with ginger before the drug

3. Results followed by treatment with ginger before the drug

where the percentage of decreasing almost half 50.25%, The results in Table 1 and Fig. 1 showed that there is and then treatment with ginger after the drug which

an increase in the number of structural and numerical recorded a decrease of 14.16%. Thus, the treatment of aberrations after treatment with therapeutic dose of the

ginger simultaneous with the Taxol is the best in Taxol drug using statistical analysis to T-test. The

reducing chromosomal aberrations. Also, analysis of increase was significant at end-to-end association for

variance ANOVA has recorded highly significant and structural chromosomal aberration while the increase

very highly significant differences in chromosomal was very highly significant in the centromeric division

aberrations. The results in Table 2 and Fig. 2 showed compared to the control sample, which in turn led to a

that there is highly significant increase in the number of very highly significant in the total number of structural

micronuclei of rat’s bone marrow in the treated group aberrations.

with Taxol. The treated group with ginger only didn’t The numerical chromosomal aberrations have also record any highly significant in the number of

recorded significance in the end mitosis compared to micronuclei when we compared it to the control group control group, which also recorded high significance

by using T-test. While the results of the combined in polyploidy which also caused in highly significant treatments with ginger dose and therapeutic dose of the increase in the total number of numerical chromosomal drug were highly significant for the number of

aberrations . On the other hand, the results obtained micronuclei in the treated group with ginger before and have shown that there is no significant difference in after the drug compared to the control group . Although chromosomal aberrations of the group treated with a I noticed significant differences in the treatments, the dose of ginger compared to control group.

ginger showed a decrease in the number of micronuclei For common treatments of ginger dose before, after through the protective index %. The treatment of ginger

and simultaneous with Taxol treatment, the number of with the drug was the most reduction 72.38%, followed structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations was by the treatment of ginger after the drug 57.47%, but

close to their numbers in the control group with the the treatment with ginger before the drug is 12.23%. exception of polyploidy for numerical aberrations have

Therefore, it is clear that the best combined treatments

900 Effect of Therapeutic Ginger on Genotoxic of Taxol Drug (Anti-Cancer) in Bone Marrow Cell of Male Mice

Table 1 Effects of different ginger (g) treatments on chromosomal aberrations induced by Taxol in bone marrow of male mice.

Chromosomal aberrations

Experimental

Structural aberrations

Total % protective

Numerical aberrations

index (G1) Control

groups Delet & aberrant Break Frag.

Polyploid Total

0.86 ± 2.29 ± - (ve-)

0.00 0.90 0.75 (G2) Ginger

1.254 - (G3) Taxol

7.76 8.420 - (G4) Ginger

abe →Taxol (g-t )

abe

ce c abce

5.99 7.24 14.16 (G5) Taxol +

cd bc c Ginger (t+g)

c c bc c c acb

2.36 78.52 (G6) Taxol

abcde →Ginger (t-g)

cd cd c cd abcde

1.650 1.533 1.091 3.840 6.891 2.200 12.690 30.676 20.610 38.540 39.018 PCD: Premature Centromeric Division; Polyploid: 3n,4n & 5n; Delet. & Frag.: deletion & fragment; Each value represents mean ± SD; n:7 mic; a: significant difference between control (ve-) group and other groups at P < 0.05; b: significant difference between ginger (G) group and other groups at P < 0.05; c: significant difference between Taxol drug group (T) and groups take in pre or fragment with ginger at P < 0.05; d: significant difference between (g-t) group both (t-g) group at P < 0.05; e: significant difference between (t+g) group both (t-g) group and (g-t) group at P < 0.05.

Table 2 Effects of different ginger (g) treatments on MN induced by Taxol in bone marrow poly chromatic Erylrocytes (PCE) of male mice.

Experimental groups

Total No. of MN

Mean ± SD

% of MN

% protective index ANOVA F

(G1) Control (ve-)

(G2) Ginger (g)

(G3) Taxol (t)

69.302 (G4) Ginger →Taxol (g-t)

(G5) Taxol + Ginger (t+g)

(G6) Taxol →Ginger (t-g)

MN: micronuclei; No. cells examined: 1,000/mice; No. individuals examined: 7 mice; a: significant difference between control (ve-) group and other groups at P < 0.05; b: significant difference between ginger (G) group and other groups at P < 0.05; c: significant difference between Taxol drug group (T) and groups take in pre or after or with ginger at P < 0.05; d: significant difference between (g-t) group both (t-g) group at P < 0.05; e: significant difference between (t+g) group both (t-g) group and (g-t) group at P < 0.05.

in reducing the percentage of micronuclei by drug, is micronuclei had shown their agreement together in the treatment of ginger with the drug.

reducing the induced genetic toxic effect of the drug in As seen from the Tables 1 and 2, there are highly the simultaneous treatment which proved that, the best significant differences in the number of micronuclei of times to have ginger is taken with Taxol.

the three combined treatments through analysis of