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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Place and Time of the Study
The research was conducted at MAN 10 Jakarta, at the second grade students. The school is located at Jl. Joglo Baru No.77 Joglo, West Jakarta 11640. The research
was conducted in Monday and Tuesday, on October 22
nd
2012 – January 7
th
2013.
B. Method and Design of the Study
In this research, the writer used descriptive analytical research. Descriptive analysis is a method in which the researcher collects the data needed, and then
analyze the data. Hence, the writer did some procedures. The students were given essay test, the essay is about recount text. They had to write based on their
experiences. Then the writer analyzed students’ test through classifying the errors
based on Betty Schrampfer Azar’ classification; singular-plural, word form, word
choice, verb tense, add a word, omit a word, word order, incomplete sentence, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, article, meaning not clear, and run-on
sentence. For causes of errors the data was analyzed based on Brown’s book to
find the causes of errors; Interlingual, intralingual, context of learning and communication strategies. Then the data was interpreted and concluded.
C. Data and Data Sources
There are three classes of the second grade students of MAN 10 Jakarta; the science class IPA, the social class IPS and religion class jurusan agama. All
of them are as the total number of population in this research that is about 83students.The writer took only 30 students the total number students of the
second grade in science class as the sample of this research.
D. Research Instrument
The writer used an essay test as the instrument of her research. In the test the students asked to write a recount text based on their experiences. Then their
recount text writing observed and analyzed based on Betty Schrampfer Azar’s
classification for the types of errors; singular-plural, word form, word choice, verb tense, add a word, omit a word, word order, incomplete sentence, spelling,
punctuation, capitalization, article, meaning not clear, and run-on sentence. And for the causes of errors the writer used Brown’s book, they are intralingual
transfer, interlingual transfer, context of learning, and communication strategies.
E. Technique of Data Collection
The first, the writer prepared the instrument of the test. Second, the writer asked permission to the headmaster of MAN 10 Jakarta to do the research. Next,
she gave the test to the students, but before the students wrote the test, the writer gave the explanation and instruction first to the students how to do the test. After
that, the data is collected. After the data has collected, the writer identified students’ writing based on Azar’s grammatical errors classification to find the
most common errors and Brown’s book to find the causes of errors. The last after
got the result the data is interpreted.
F. Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data from the test, the students’ writing is analyzed by
focusing on their grammatical errors. The techniques of data analysis used in this research are descriptive analysis and quantitative technique which allows the
writer to describe some students’ errors and to use numerical data in this research.
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