D. Research Instrument
The writer used an essay test as the instrument of her research. In the test the students asked to write a recount text based on their experiences. Then their
recount text writing observed and analyzed based on Betty Schrampfer Azar’s
classification for the types of errors; singular-plural, word form, word choice, verb tense, add a word, omit a word, word order, incomplete sentence, spelling,
punctuation, capitalization, article, meaning not clear, and run-on sentence. And for the causes of errors the writer used Brown’s book, they are intralingual
transfer, interlingual transfer, context of learning, and communication strategies.
E. Technique of Data Collection
The first, the writer prepared the instrument of the test. Second, the writer asked permission to the headmaster of MAN 10 Jakarta to do the research. Next,
she gave the test to the students, but before the students wrote the test, the writer gave the explanation and instruction first to the students how to do the test. After
that, the data is collected. After the data has collected, the writer identified students’ writing based on Azar’s grammatical errors classification to find the
most common errors and Brown’s book to find the causes of errors. The last after
got the result the data is interpreted.
F. Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data from the test, the students’ writing is analyzed by
focusing on their grammatical errors. The techniques of data analysis used in this research are descriptive analysis and quantitative technique which allows the
writer to describe some students’ errors and to use numerical data in this research.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND INTERPRETATION
A. Description of Data
As previously stated above, this “Skripsi” is focused on recount text writing
errors made by the second grade students of MAN 10 Jakarta. Many errors in students‟ recount text writing are found, then the classification of students‟ errors on
grammatical aspect are made. She only focuses on grammatical errors based on Betty Schrampfer
Azar‟s classification, those are singular-plural, word form, word choice, verb tense, add a word, omit a word, word order, incomplete sentence, spelling,
punctuation, capitalization, article, meaning not clear, and run-on sentence. E
ach student‟s error of writing is analyzed in their every sentence even in word; each table is divided
into three columns: first column consists of students‟ original writing, second column consists of the classif
ication of students‟ errors, and third column consists of the correction of students‟ writing. And the last column consists of
the causes of students‟ errors.The following table is the recapitulation of students‟
error in writing recount text.
Table 4.1 The Recapitulation of the Students’ Error
Student 1AF Students‟ writing
Types of error Reconstruction
Causes of errors
Holiday to Anyer Beach
One day when 1.
Capitalization 2.
Word choice 3.
Word choice Holiday to Anyer
Beach One day when I
1.Interlingual 2.Intralingual
3.Intralingual
Students‟ writing Types of error
Reconstruction Causes of
errors i 1 and my family
went on
2 vacation on to the
beach. That 3 was a daylight and the
sun was really so hot in the car, 4 i
5 and 6 my brothers and sister
really was 6 felt 7
thirsty. Meanwhile
the outside
was jammed. I gave up
and finally
i 8felt9 asleep in
the car seat. It didn‟t feel we have
arrived at
the beach.
I felt
so happy,10
and then we went to
changed 11our
clothes in
Toilet12 near the 4.
Punctuation 5.
Capitalization 6.
Verb tense 7.
Omit a word 8.
Capitalization 9.
Omit a word 10.
Verb tense 11.
Verb tense 12.
Capitalization 13.
Capitalization and my family went
to vacation on to the beach.
It was
a daylight and the sun
was really so hot in the car. I, my brothers
and sister were really thirsty.
Meanwhile the
outside was
jammed. I gave up and finally I sleep in
the car seat. It didn‟t feel we have arrived
at the beach. I was so happy, and
then we went to change our clothes in
toilet near the beach. And then, we swam
together and had fun in there together too.
4.Interlingual 5.Interlingual
6. Intralingual 7. Interlingual
8.Interlingual 9. Interlingual
10.Intralingual 11.Intralingual
12.Interlingual 13.Interlingual
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