According to Palmer 1976:68 ” The problem, however, is to decide when we have polysemy and when we have homonymy. Given that we have a written
form with two meanings, do are we say that it is one word with different meaning polysemy or two different words with the same shapes of homonymy”.
2.4.4 Homonymy
Homonymy is relation between two or more ethic expressions that have the same form but different meaning. Complete homonyms have the same
pronounciation and the same spelling. In other word, homonyms are words which are spelled and pronounced alike, but differing in meaning.
Homonym can be subdivided into homophone and homograph. Homophone is word that have the same pronounciation but different in spelling
and meaning. For examples: - Flour fla
υər means used for making bread or cake - Flower fla
υər means the part of plant - Raise reiz means raise one’s hand
- Raze reiz means destroy a building - Tale tail means story
- Tail tail means one part of the animal body While homograph is word which have the same spelling but different in
pronouncing and meaning. For examples: - Lead led means metal
- Lead li:d means dog’s lead - Live liv means to be alive or remain a live
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- Live laiv means having life Another examples:
He is a pupil
Westerner’s pupil is blue
Meaning : Pupil ’pyuwp
əl student
Pupil ’pyuwp əl
part of the eye
The words pupil ’pyuwp əl and pupil ’pyuwpəl are homonym because
they are words with the same form, and sound pronounciation but different in meaning.
2.4.5 Hyponymy
Hyponymy is the relationship between the meaning of a word of which may be said to be included in that of another word. Palmer 1976:76 states that
“hyponym involves us in the nation of inclusion in the sense”.
For examples: Tulip, rose and jasmine are included in flower Lion,
tiger and elephant are included in animal
The meaning of the word flower is defined as the superordinate, in the sense it is the upper term. Whereas tulip is hyponym of flower, in the sense it is
the lower term. Furthermore, Tulip, rose and jasmine are co-hyponyms of flower, since each is a hyponym of the same lexeme. A tulip is not necessarily
called a tulip flower, since the meaning of the flower has been included in the
meaning of rose.
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2.4.6 Meronymy Meronymy is a part-whole relationship between lexical items. Thus, cover
