CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
I apply the library research to get the data and information in this thesis. According to Nawawi 1993: 30 states that library research is done by collecting
the data from various of literature, in library or other places. Literature used unlimited only at some books, but can also shaped documentation, magazine,
newspaper, etc. Library research is done by reading some books, which are related to the
topic discussed. In order to support the reference and develop the fountain of information, I used internet access, trying to visit website and selected data fit to
the topic discussed.
3.2 Data Collecting Method
Data in this research are sentences containing expressions that have meaning relations found in the novel “ The Color Purple” written by Alice
Walker. And data are collected by reading all sentences containing expressions that have meaning relations found in the novel. Then the data is identified and
classified.
3.3 Population and Sample
Population in this research is 188 sentences containing expressions that have meaning relations. And those sentences become the population in this
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research. All the populations found in the novel will be analyzed and also as the sample.
3.4 Data Analysis Method
All data are sentences containing expressions that have meaning relations found in the novel “The Color Purple” will be analyzed. The method that is used
in this study is descriptive method. According to Surakmad 1980:139 descriptive research is research that tries to describe and analyzes data starting from
collecting data, composing, analysis and interpretation of the data. In analyzing the data I apply descriptive methode with some steps;
a. Read the novel repeatedly
b. Collect the sentences contained expressions that have meaning
relations c.
Identify, classify and analyze them based on F.R. Palmer 1976 meaning relations concept.
d. And to get the meaning of each meaning relations I consult Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Below are the examples of meaning relations analysis:
1. Synonymy a. She is more pretty than my mamma.
page 7 b. The most beautiful woman I ever saw. page 7
pretty = beautiful
Meaning :
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a. Pretty pleasing and attractive without being beautiful or
magnificient b. Beautiful having beauty giving pleasure to the sense or the mind
The words pretty and beautiful have the same meaning, so we can say pretty
and beautiful is synonymy.
2. Antonymy
a. He picked up a rock and laid my head open. page 13
b. And help her mama drape a piece of cloth close to her face. page 15
open X close
Meaning: a. Open
not closed, allowing things or people to go in, out b. Close
near in space or time 3.
Polysemy a. The blood run all down tween my breasts
page 13 b.Then she run, her hands over her belly again
page 33 Meaning:
a. run flows, dripped
b. run move with quick steps, faster than when walking
4. Homonymy
a. He say she too young. page 7
b. I try to tell Kate. page 22
Meaning: a. Too tu:
also, as well b. To tu:
to or in the usual or required position
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5. Hyponymy
a. I say to Kate, Something purple page 22
b. He won’t want to pay for red page 22
c. Look at the colors of the cloth page 59
Meaning: a.
purple colour of red and blue mixed together
b. red the colour of fresh blood, rubish, human lips.
c. colors visible quality that objects have produced by the
way reflect
light
The words purple,and red are hyponyms of the colors.
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CHAPTER IV AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING RELATIONS
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