Antonymy AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING RELATIONS

4.2 Antonymy

There are three different kind antonyms, they are:

1. Complementary Pairs

There are 20 pairs the complementary pairs that can be found and analyzed in the novel as the analysis of meaning relation. The words from antonym with complementary pairs has the different understand there are: 1. a. I don’t need no weak little boy page 49 b. He strong in body but weak in will page 29 Weak X Strong Meaning : Weak lacking in strength Strong having power to resist 2. a. Then say, real sad, you ain’t got it page 27 b. Make sure you git in the part bout being happy page 99 Sad X Happy Meaning : Sad causing unhappy feelings Happy feeling or expressing pleasure 3. a. But she laugh page 33 b.They cry like they mamma just die page 31 Laugh X Cry Meaning : Laugh make sounds and movements of the face an body, showing amusement, joy Universitas Sumatera Utara Cry make sounds that express feelings pain,fear or weep, shed tears 4. a. A good man is hard to find page 77 b. I feel bad sometimes page 11 Good X bad Meaning : Good morally right Bad expressing uncomportable, unpleasant or disagreeble 5. a. Say Harpo, nailing together planks for a counter page 74 b. ... she never going to be no white woman’s nothing, let alone maid page10 Together X Alone Meaning : Together with each other with another person, in company Alone without the company 6. a. They sleep together at night page 80 b. She get up early in the morning and go to market page216 Sleep X Get up Meaning : Sleep rest in the condition of sleep, be or fall asleep Get up rise or the eyes are opened from bed 7. a. ... in this town want to take the Queen Honeybee page 45 b ... a white woman missionary far from our village page 142 Town X Village Universitas Sumatera Utara Meaning : Town centre of population larger than a village Village place smaller than a town 8. a. ..., but Adam passes quickly page 170 b. Times moves slowly page 170 Quickly X slowly Meaning : Quickly moving fast, able to move fast and do things in a short time Slowly not quick, taking a long time 9. a. Have you ever seen a white person page 109 b. I ain’t never heard of, and money page 114 Ever X Never Meaning : Ever in negative and interrogative sentence to expression doubt or conditions. Never at no time, on no occasion 10. a. Where we all sat down on the ground, men in front page 158 b. Women and children behind page 158 Behind X In front Meaning : Behind in the rear In front foremost rows Universitas Sumatera Utara 11. a. You satisfied that what you want page 206 b. Still, they look dissatiesfied page 148 Satisfied X Dissatisfied Meaning : Satisfied make contented give what the wants or needs Dissatisisfied make discontented fail to satisfy 12. a. ... just put it in his inside pocket page 123 b. At night he thought he heard bats outside the door page 231 Inside X Outside Meaning : Inside situated on or in Outside the outer side, the outer parts 13. a.The woman dead I can cry page 225 b. She was born to great wealth in England page 235 Dead X Born Meaning : Death no longer living, never having had life Born to come into the world by birth 14. a. And her mammy take in white people dirty clothes page 57 b. She ain’t even clean page 57 Dirty X Clean Meaning : Dirty not clean, covered with dirt Clean free from dirt Universitas Sumatera Utara 15. a. But they are clever people about most thing page 170 b. And if they listen they say stupid things page 243 Clever X Stupid Meaning : Stupid slow thingking, foolish Clever quick in learning and understanding things 16. a. I fear for our own health, and especially for the children page 264 b. How things doing generally page 292 Especially X Generally Meaning : Especially an exceptional degree Generally usually 17. a. Adam was always very good as Hamlet page 265 b. Sometimes I think Shug never love me page 266 Always X Sometimes Meaning : Always at all times, without exception Sometimes now and then, from time to time 18. a. He is busy patterning a shirt for folks to wear page 290 b. I be so calm page 290 Busy X Calm Meaning : Busy having much to do Calm quiet Universitas Sumatera Utara 19. a. Saturday morning early, us hear the wagon page 40 b. He talk to Shug a lot lately by telephone page 287 Early X lately Meaning : Early near to the beginning of period of time, sooner then usual or than others Lately in recent times, recently 20. a. I feel just right page 60 b. I feel like us doing something wrong page 82 Right X Wrong Meaning: Right morally good, true, correct Wrong not morally right, mistaken

2. Gradable Pairs

There are 11 pairs of gradable pairs that can be found and analyzed, it means the pairs of words have graduation of width, age, size there are: 1. a. It has been a long time since I had time to write page 2 b. ... because in the short time we’ve been together page 112 Long X Short Meaning : Long measuring much from the end to end Short measuring little from end to end in space or time 2. a. You are a big boy now page 22 Universitas Sumatera Utara b. According to Adam, there is ‘small’ rift on outside page 284 Big X Small Meaning : Big large on size Small not large in size extent or intensity 3. a. I think she thought love him page 5 b. I hate the way I’m dress page 77 Love X Hate Meaning : Love have strong affection or deep tender feelings for Hate have a strong dislike of or for 4. a. He sometime walk down, have a cold drink page 75 b. One night while Shug singing a hot one page 84 Cold X Hot Meaning: Cold lower than usual temperature Hot having a high temparature 5. a. There aren’t even any trees near us page 248 b. a white woman missionary not far from our village page 142 Far X Near Meaning : Far up to specified poin but not beyond Near not far ; to or at a short distance in space or time 6. a. It a lot bigger than it was before page 224 Universitas Sumatera Utara b. Right after that he start to improve page 231 Before X After Meaning : Before at an earlier time in the past; already After later in time 7. a. His mind on Sofia Butler day and night page 174 b. He say one night in bed page 31 Day X Night Meaning : Day time between the sunrise and sunset Night dark hours between sunset and sunrise or twilight and down 8. a. I’m glad you brought it up page 164 b. But by the time we docked I was so down page 136 Up X Down Meaning : Up in higher place, position, condition Down indicating a lower place or state 9. a. I’m a run away succes, rich, famous page 236 b.I don’t have nothing to offer and I feel poor page 252 Poor X Rich Meaning : Poor having little money, not having and not able to get the necessaries of life Universitas Sumatera Utara Rich having much money or property 10. a. Saying good bye to our church group was hard page 140 b. Then I feels something real soft and wet on my breats page118 Soft X Hard Meaning : Soft changing shape easily when pressed, not resisting pressure Hard firm 11. a. Smart as a little whip page 226 b. She is smarter than all of them page 162 c. Miss Beasley always said I was the smartest child page 138 Smart X Smarter X Smartest Meaning: Smart clever, skilful, having a good, quick brain Smarter more cleverer than comparative degree Smartest the most cleverest superlative degree

3. Relational Pairs

In the novel, there are 14 pairs of relational pair that can be found and analyzed. The words from Relational opposite pais of words or two-way contrast that are independent. There are : 1. a. I don’t know no other man or what else to say page 3 b. Shug Avery was a woman page 7 Man X Woman Universitas Sumatera Utara Meaning : Man adult male human being Woman adult female human being 2. a. He your husband, I say page 69 b. He got four more by the wife he got now page 43 Wife X Husband Meaning : Wife married woman Husband man to whom a woman is married 3. a. He come home with a girl from round Gray page 5 b. I got the hots for a boy of nineteen page 91 Girl X Boy Meaning: Girl female child doughter Boy male child son 4. a. My poor little ones sure could use a mother page 8 b. Bible say, honor father and mother no matter what page 43 Mother X Father Meaning: Mother woman in relation to a child or children to whom she has Father to become the male parents of child 5. a. Got a brother name Jimmy? page 96 b. Odessa and Sofia other sisters always on hand to take up page 104 Universitas Sumatera Utara Brother X Sister Meaning: Brother son of the same parents as another person Sister doughter of the same parents as oneself or another person 6. a. This aunt refused to marry the man choseen for her page 166 b. A father and an uncle page 167 Aunt X Uncle Meaning: Aunt sister of one’s father or mother Uncle brother of one’s father or mother 7. a. ... parents, sister, brother, in America page 286 b. He feel just like family now, like a son page 291 Parent X Son Meaning: Parent father or mother Son male child of parent 8. a. And there are male and female warrios page 284 b. He’d felt about the female initiation ceremony page 286 Male X Female Meaning: Male the sex that does not give birth to offspring of men, boys, or animals Universitas Sumatera Utara Female the sex that produces offspring of woman, girls, or animals 9. a. My little Nettie is got a boyfriend page 5 b. ... his little yellowskin girlfriend page 84 Boyfriend X Girlfriend Meaning: Boy friend favoured male companion of a girl or young woman Girl friend favoured male companion of a boy or young man 10. a. Why do my children look like you page 163 b. Unlike our school which square and unlike our church page 164 Like X Unlike Meaning: Like have a taste for find satisfactory or agreeable Unlike not like 11. a. ... in her tight red dress page 77 b. Look at himself, then undress page 25 Dress X Undress Meaning: Dress put on clothes Undress remove the clothes 12. a. She happy,cause he good to her now page 2 b. They all look so unhappy and work so hard page 163 Happy X Unhappy Universitas Sumatera Utara Meaning : Happy feeling or expressing plaesure Unhappy not happy 13. a. I realize he’s been unusually glum during tis trip page 237 b. ..., and you the sombody I usually tell page 256 Unusually X usually Meaning : Unusually not usual Usually such as commonly happens 14. a. The most beautiful woman I ever saw page 7 b. He tall and handsome, all the time serious page 108 Handsome X beautiful Meaning: Handsome having an attractive face an figure Beautiful having beauty pleasure to the sense or the mind Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.3 Polysemy