that suitable to get the natural process that is „learning by doing‟. Furthermore,
Willis 1996:40 states: “task-based learning is not just about getting learners to do one task then
another tasks and then another. If that were the case, learners would probably become quite expertat doing tasks and resourceful with their
language, but they would almost certainly gain fluency at the expense of accuracy.”
By using these kinds of tasks, learners are expected to improve their English proficiency through the exposures which are provided by the
tasks. Moreover, learners can finish the task through group activity that can give them chance to learn from their peer. Therefore, the existence of tasks is
very important in the teaching-learning process.
b. Principles of Task-based Language Teaching
In applying task-based language teaching during the learning process, knowledge about how to apply this approach in the learning process is
necessarry. One of the knowledge that should be known by teachers is the principle. By understanding the principles of task-based language teaching, the
learning process is expected to be effective. One of the theory about the principles of task-based language teaching is
proposed by Nunan 2004:1 who state that there are some principles in the application of task-based language teaching:
a. To select the content, a needs-based approach is needed.
b. An emphasis on learning to communicate by interacting using the target
language. c.
Introducing the authentic texts into the learning situation.
d. Providing chances for learners to focus not only on language but also on
the learning process itself. e.
An enhancement of the learner‟s own personal experiences as important aspects to classroom learning.
f. There is relation of classroom language learning and language use outside
the classroom. Thus, this approach is emphasizing the practices not the product. The
product of the English language ability can be achieved through drilling and practices. By this approach, students are expected to be able to use English in
for their job in the future.
4. English Learning Materials a. Definition of Materials
The aspect that cannot be separated from teaching is the availability of materials. Materials can be from many sources, such as
textbooks, pictures, videos, audios, and so on. Richards and Schmidt 2002:322 defines materials as anything that can be used by teachers or
learners to make the learning process of a language easier. Materials may be linguistic, visual, auditory, or kinesthetic, and they may be presented in print,
audio or video form, on the Internet or in live performance or presentation. In line with the definition above, Tomlinson 1998: 2 states that materials
can be anything which is used to increase the learners‟ knowledge of the language. Materials can be in the form of cassettes, videos, CD-Roms,
