collaborator. The class was chosen based on the agreement between the researcher and the English teacher after considering certain crucial things.
D. Instruments of Data Collection
Instruments are important devices to collect data in a research study. In this study, the researcher used test and non-test of instruments. Non-test instruments
included interview guidelines and observation checklist. The test instruments included the pretest and posttest. Each instrument is explained as follows.
1. Observation checklist Classroom observation was used to monitor the running of the teaching and
learning process. The researcher and collaborator collected the data by observing the class situation and condition in the teaching and learning processes. Observation
checklist was used in order to get the data needed. 2. Interview guidelines
Some of the students, taken as the sample, was interviewed to find out how they feel about the running of the teaching and learning process. The students were
chosen randomly and were asked questions based on the questions list which had been prepared before by the researcher and her collaborators.
3. Tests Tests of the research wer
e to assess the students’ reading comprehension ability in reading. There were two types of tests administered in this study: the
pretest and posttest. For each test, there were thirty five items used. These tests were
used to measure whether there was a s ignificant improvement on the students’
reading comprehension ability or not.
E. Techniques of Data Collections
In this research, the data collected were both qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were obtained from the observations and interviews. The
quantitative data were collected from the result of the tests. Each technique is explained as follows.
1. Observations
The observations were conducted before and during the implementation of the action. Before the implementation, the observations were conducted to see and find
the problematic issues related to the students and the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The researcher took field notes to record the data. During the
implementation of the actions, the collaborators were to observe and take field notes in order to find out the strengths and the weaknesses of the actions.
2. Interviews
The qualitative data were also obtained by doing interviews before, during, and at the end of the cycles. In collecting the data from the interviews, the researcher
interviewed the English teacher and also the students. From the interviews done before the implementation of the action, the problematic issues could be found. Next,
from the interviews done during the implementation of the action, the researcher could gather any useful information related to the strengths and weaknesses of the
action. The interviews at the end of the cycles gave benefit information related to the
personal opinions from the collaborators and the students themselves which were used as indicators whether the actions were successful or not.
3. Tests
The quantitative data were obtained by conducting tests. Pretest and the posttest were to obtain the information related
to the students’ reading comprehension level. From the pretest scores, it could be seen whether the students had low, average,
or high reading comprehension level. The pretest was held one week before the implementation of the actions, while the posttest was held at the end of Cycle II. The
mean scores both from the pretest and the posttest were compared in order to know whether there was a significant improvement or not after the implementation of the
action.
F. Techniques of Data Analysis
