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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. The Type of Study
This study was conducted through action research. Burns 2010 states that the main aim of the classroom action research is to solve the problematic issues of the
teaching and learning process that have been identified by the researcher by carrying out an action that will lead to the changes and improvements. In line with that, this
study aims at identifying the issues occurring in the process of teaching and learning English. When doing observations before conducting the study, the researcher saw
gaps between what was expected and was happening. Therefore, the researcher applied actions in order to try to improve the situation.
Action research is carried out by practitioners i.e., classroom teachers, it is collaborative, and it is aimed at changing things Nunan, 1990. The model of action
research which will be used in this research is the one proposed by Kemmis and McTaggart as cited in Burns 2010:7-9. There are four phases in each cycle involved
in this research. Those were planning, action, observation, and reflection. The processes of the phases could be drawn as follows.
Figure 2: Scheme of Action Research based on Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns 2010:9
B. Setting of the Study
The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Kasihan, which is located at Jl. Bugisan Selatan Tirtonirmolo Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta. This school has twenty
four classes: eight classes each grade. Each class consists of about 26 to 32 students. Four English teachers currently teach at the school, one of which became the
researcher’s collaborator in this study. The research was conducted between the months April to May 2015.
C. Subject of the Study
The participants of the research were the researcher herself, 32 students of grade X IIS 1 at SMAN 1 Kasihan, and the English teacher of the class as the
collaborator. The class was chosen based on the agreement between the researcher and the English teacher after considering certain crucial things.
D. Instruments of Data Collection
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