Age Sex PARENTAL PRACTICE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH VIDEO GAME PLAYING IN YOGYAKARTA MUNICIPALITY

“Optimizing The Quality of Life Children Under SDGs” Sustainable Development Goals 233 process in the form of the reduced population of nephrons and the kidney cells’ inability to regenerate. 12 The results in this study are in line with Fransiska’s 2007, which states that the majority of CRF patients were 51-60 years old. 13 Research conducted by Daryani 2011, states that the average CRF patients had an age range of 40-46 years. 14 According to O’Hare et al. 2007, CRF disease often suffered by the elderly. This is because the elderly begin to encounter a declining nephron function of the kidneys. CRF patients of the elderly have a higher risk of death due to the lower value of the glomerular fi ltration rate GFR. Theaverage GFR value ofelderly with CRF is 15 mL min per 1.73 m² while that of adults with CRF is GFR 45 mL min per 1.73 m². 15 According to Weinstein and Anderson 2010, aging will progressively lead to a decrease in the value of GFR and renal blood fl ow RBF. GFR decline will cause a decrease in average plasma fl ow and a decrease in the glomerular capillary coeffi cient. The decreasing afferent arteriolar resistance is associated with the increase in glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure. The hemodynamic changes occur due to changes in the structure of kidney aging, such as the loss of renal mass, the hyalinisation of the afferent arterioles, the increase of glomerular sclerotic and tubulointersitial fi brosis. Aging also will disrupt the activity and responsiveness towards vasoactive stimuli, such as the body’s decreased response to perform vasoconstriction and vasodilation, and also the decreased activity of the renin-angiotensin and nitric oxidemechanism regulations. 16 Sex as A Risk Factor of CRF Table 1 shows that the majority of respondents in this study 56.70 is male. Some theories mention that one of the CRF disease risk factors is sex. This study corresponds the results of research conducted by Saryono Handoyo 2006, which states that the majority of patients with CRF were males 67.00. 10 This is possible because the male urinary tract is longer which may allow the higher possibility of clogging along the way out from the bladder. These clogging may include channel narrowing structure or stone blockage within the urinary tract. A research by Weinstein and Anderson 2010 suggests that sex hormones contribute to CRF. CRF progression in females is slower than in males, both clinically and experimentally experimental treatment. Gender and age affect changes in the renin-angiotensin system RAS and nitric oxide NO, as well as the activity of metalloproteases. Metalloproteases is a protease enzyme that perform mechanismof metal catalysis. 16 The infl uence of sex on RAS is at the interaction between 17β-estradiol E2 and Angiotensin II. E2,which decreases at the network level, is capable of lowering the activity of angiotensin II and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ACE. Conversely, testosterone will increase the activity of RAS. In experimental studies, esterogen therapy and androgen defi ciency are used as the protection against the progression of CRF. 16 Nitric oxide NO is a cytokine that has a protective effect on the kidneys as it prevents decreases in mesangial cells and matrix production. Differences in the levels of NO in sex due to the interaction between NO and E2, which will stimulate the release of NO synthase. A comparative study between pre-menopausal women and men, showed that the synthesis and production of NO in women were greater than those in men. 16 The incompatibility of metalloproteases levels are also infl uenced by sex, especially its association with renal dysfunction. Metalloprotease is capable of splitting the matrix which