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1. Definition of Translation
There are various definitions of translation proposed by some experts. Brislin in Choliludin 2005: 18 defines translation as: “the general term
referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language source into another target, whether the language are in written or oral form…”. This
definition is considered not to be quite comprehensive by Nababan in his book Teori Menerjemah 1999: 19 since Brislin only gives attention to the
transferring of the thoughts and ideas; leave alone the style of the target language.
Nida and Taber in Shuttleworth and Cowie, 1997: 182 propose that “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest
natural equivalent of the source message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” One thing that can be pointed out from this
definition is that sometimes it is not easy to choose which one should be given the most priority, the form or the content. Nida in Munday, 2001: 40
underlines that if equivalent effect is to be achieved “correspondence in meaning must have priority over correspondence in style.”
Another definition comes from Newmark. He defines translation as “a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message andor statement in
one language by the same message andor statement in another language.” 1988: 5
Larson 1984: 2 states “Translation consists of translating the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is done by
xxii going from the form of the first language to the form of the second language
by way of semantic structure. It is the meaning, which is being transferred and must be held constant. Only the form changes.”
From the definitions of translation above, it can be concluded that translation deals with the transferring of message from one language SL into
another TL. Although meaning plays the most important part in the transferring process, it is also important to take a note on the style, in order to
get the best translation.
2. Audio-Visual Translation