Problem of the Study Objective of Study Scope of the Study Novel

1.2. Problem of the Study

In the thesis, the writer thinks that it s important to decide the problems are going to analyze. The problems of the analysis in this thesis are: 1. How are the symbols portrayed in the novel ? 2. How are the implied meaning of the symbols described in the novel ?

1.3. Objective of Study

The object of writing is important to achieve. The objective of the study in this analyze are : 1. To find out and indentify something as a symbol which written in words or portrayed as pictures 2. To interpret context of the meaning of a symbol in the novel

1.4. Scope of the Study

This research is focused on certain symbols that found in the novel. The scope of the study will be limited by analyzing some certain symbols which are portrayed in the novel. There many symbols in novel. They are using as picture or as words. But in this thesis the writer focuses to interprete the symbols by choosing some certain symbols not a whole symbols. Universitas Sumatera Utara 1.5.The Significance of the Study Theoretically, this analysis to add the literary study of literature and also symbolism through the novel. Practically, this thesis can be lessons especially to know about symbols, about the writer and to enrich the study of literature especially about symbolism. And also can be used for everyone who wants to understand symbolism of the novel. Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Novel

Novel is one of literary work that represents the ideas or the thoughts of the author. The author expresses the feeling, the passion and the emotion that relates to the experiences of life. That s why the author needs a media to express the ideas, the thought and it s called literature as media of communication. Through literature, human beings can communicate with others because literature is a media of communication. The most general genres in literature is divided into three major genres, they are drama, prose, and poetry. Prose can be divided into two categories, they are fiction and nonfiction. Fiction is created from the imagination of the author, not presented as fact, though it may be based on a true story or situation. While non- fiction is true writing that tells about real people, places and events. According to Nurgiyantoro 1998, The non-fiction works are autobiography, diary, essay, and history. On the other hand, the fiction works are tales, roman, short story, and novel. Peck and Coyle 1986:102 say that Novel is prose story telling with a great amount of detail on every page, usually reveal human values . In analyzing a novel, there are two methods to understand all about the details on every page or in a literature, they are intrinsic and extrinsic approach. Kasim describes about extrinsic and intrinsic in his book entitled Theory Of Literature says : Intrinsic method is one of the which focuses the analysis on the work itself, the text. It may analyze the rhytm, rhyme scheme, form, mood, or other elements of literary works without the help of other disciplines, such as the author s biography, psychology, religion, etc. As opposed to intrinsic Universitas Sumatera Utara method of criticism is the extrinsic in which the analysis of literary work applies the above disciplines of knowledge or belief. This method of studying literature concerns itself with its environment and its external causes . Kasim, Razali,7:2000 In this analysis, the writer uses the intrinsic method to analyzing the data, because the writer will analyze from the text itself and the structure of the literary to find out the sense of mystery in the novel. Mystery is the condition of being secret or obscure which the caused or origin is hidden or impossible to understand. Mystery contains some secrets and hidden meaning that must be solved Purwanti : 2009:6 the mystery elements in Carolyn Keene s Nancy Drew : The Email Mystery. The mystery in this context is how a symbol as mystery things that needed to be solved and understand because the symbol itself is hidden and being secret. The way of an author in conveying the information, denotative, conotative meaning is called style. Style deals with the texture of writing, imagery, sound and meaning , irony, syntax and symbol. It focuses on text itself and structures which are created. Style, in literature, the mysterious yet recognize result of a succesful blending of form with content. The writer uses intrinsic method, because the writer will analyze some symbols that hidden in the novel, Angels and Demons. An analysis through intrinsic approach is to analyze the literary work from the structure of literary itself such as theme, characters, setting, plot, symbols, point of view and language style. Symbol is one of mystery elements, the writer will observe some information or symbols that is unknown and must be explained. According to the Cambridge International Dictionary of English literature mystery is something strange or unknown which hasn t yet been explained or understood . Universitas Sumatera Utara Today a mystery story is, loosely, any story containing a mystery. It may be, and frequently is, a tale of horror and terror, an affair of codes and ciphers and secret societies, a crime story, a symbol or a dozen other things involving an enigma . Benton,1960:49 In this thesis, the writer focuses on understanding symbols in the novel, Angels and Demons. It s important to understand the real meaning and the purpose of symbols irrelevant to get deep explanations and descriptions of the symbols in order to avoid the wrong explanation and comprehension of the meanings of symbol. Peck and Martin Coyle 1988:71 say that symbol is an object which stands for something else. It means that an object which is found as a symbol in novel, it doesn t merely means the object itself, but it has another wider meaning and has a function for certain intention. A symbol can t directly understood literally. It needs deep interpretation to total meaning of literary work.

2.2 Symbol