whethereorenotetheyefitetheegroupestereotype.eAseiteoperateseonepersonalelevel,eoverte racismecaneeasilyebeerecognized.e
Institutionaleracism,eonetheeotherehand,eiseprettyemuchesubtle.eIteworkseinsidee theesystem,erunebyeindividualsewitheracismetendencies,eandeiteisehardetoebeeclearlye
pointede out.e Stokelye Carmichaele later,e Kwamee Turee ande Charlese V.e Hamiltone introducedetheeconcepteofeinstitutionaleracismeinetheirebookeBlackePowere1967.e
Institutional-leveleracismeis,e“theeprocessebyewhicheracialeoppressioneiseimposede one subordinatee raciale groupse bye dominante raciale groupse throughe institutionale
channels”eEncyclopedia of Race and Racism Vol. 2,e2008:e180.e e
3. Theory of Nation Language
Ine hise essaye Natione Language,e Edwarde K.e Brathwaitee clearlye declarese hise stancee againste thee usee ofe thee worde ‘dialect’e ase ae terme referse toe thee Englishe
variatione usede bye Caribbeane people.e Thee reasone ise thate “thee worde ‘dialect’e hase beene bandiede aboute fore ae longe time,e ande ite carriese verye pejorativee overtones”e
1995:e 311.e Instead,e hee offerse ande choosese thee terme ‘natione language’.e Natione languageeiseBrathwaite’setermeforeculturallyespecificeformeofeCaribbeaneEnglish.e
Accordinge toe Brathwaite,e natione languagee maye havee Englishe lexicale features,ebuteiteisestronglyeinfluencedebyetheeAfricaneaspecteofeCaribbeaneheritagee
1995:e311.eHeefurtheredescribesenationelanguageeaseaenotetheestandard,eimported,e educatede Englishe bute onee thate bearse thee experiencee ofe Caribbeane peoplee 1995:e
311.e
Theree aree twoe characteristicse ofe natione language.e First,e natione languagee emphasizese thee orality.e Hence,e eache noisee ine natione languagee ise parte ofe thee
meaning.eSecond,enationelanguageeiseaeparteofetotaleexpression.eItedemandsetheenote onlye thee speakerperformere bute alsoe thee audiencee toe completee thee communitye
1995:e311-312.ee e
4. Theory of Ambivalence
InetheirebookeKey Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies,eAshcroft,eGriffithseande Tiffine mentionede thate thee terme ambivalencee wase adaptede bye Homie Bhabha,e “ite
describese thee complexe mixe ofe attractione ande repulsione thate characterizese thee relationshipebetweene colonizerseandecolonized”e1998:e12.eTheye continuedethate
ambivalencee suggeste thate theree aree complexe relatione ande resistancee existe ine ane unsteadyerealtionewithinetheecolonialesubjectse1998:e12.e
AccordingetoeBhabhaethereeisenoesimpleerelationshipebetweenecolonizereande colonized.e Thee coloniale discoursee wantse toe producee compliante subjectse whoe
reproduceeitsehabitseandevalues,ewhichetheetermeofethiseconcepteise‘mimic’e1998:e 13.eHowever,etheeresulteiseambivalentesubjectsewhichetheemimicryeisenoteveryefare
frome mockery.e Ambivalencee describese thise relationshipe betweene mimicrye ande mockeryeandetheeeffecteisetoeproduceeaedisturbanceeofetheeauthorityeofetheecoloniale
discoursee1998:13.e e
C. Review of Jamaican Creole Used in the Poem
