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equivalents that are each is also written only by one respondent, they are: memohon, memerintah, permintaan, and pertanyaan. One respondent wrote
exclaminate in the selfreport categories, which is not a word or a dictionary entry. In addition, the Indonesian words permintaan and pertanyaan are not
classified as Indonesian verbs, rather they are nouns.
Besides the verb question that is considered equivalent with the Indonesian translation bertanya, there are some other English verbs that can be
considered equivalent with the Indonesian translation, they are: request that can be considered equivalent with meminta, order that can be considered equivalent
with menyuruh and memerintah, have somebody to that can be considered equivalent with menyuruh, and tell and say that can be considered equivalent
with mengatakan.
The meaning of the verb ASK that is have somebody to has different meaning with the common meaning of the verb ASK. It does not share the
common meaning of the verb ASK which is question. The meaning is one of the examples of extended meaning or multilpe meaning senses of English
vocabularies particularly English verbs. The other examples could be found in the
table of meaning frequency.
3. The Meaning of the Verb KEEP
The verbs KEEP was assigned different meanings. It was considered synonymous with 9 English verbs and was considered equivalent with 9
Indonesian translations. The meanings and the Indonesian translation equivalents are presented in table 4.3.
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Table 4.3: Meaning Frequency of the Verb KEEP
No. Synonyms
F Translations
F 1.
2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
Guard Maintain
Take care Protect
Stay Save
Remain Still
Go on 6
5 5
4 3
3 2
2 1
19.35 16.12
16.12 12.9
9.67 9.67
6.45 6.45
3.32 Menjaga
Menyimpan Tetap
Memelihara Merawat
Melindungi Menjauh
Mempertahankan Stabil
26 9
6 5
3 1
1 1
1 47.16
16.98 11.32
9.43 5.66
1.88 1.88
1.88 1.88
Total 31
53
The verb keep was considered synonymous with the verb guard by 6
respondents or 19, 35 of the total respondents and was considered equivalents
with the Indonesian translation menjaga by 26 respondents or 47, 16 of the total respondents. The frequency between the verb guard and the Indonesian
translation equivalent menjaga is significantly different. It may show that the
respondents are more familiar with the indonesian translation menjaga. The English meaning in the form of English synonyms that each is only written by one
respondent are: go on, melindungi, menjauh, mempertahankan and stabil. The Indonesian word stabil is not a verb, instead it is an adjective.
Besides the verb guard can be considered equivalent with the Indonesian translation menjaga, it also can be considered equivalent with melindungi. Some
other verbs are possible to be considered equivalent with the Indonesian
translation, they are: take care that can be considered equivalent with menjaga, maintain and save that can be considered equivalent with mempertahankan,
protect that can be considered equivalent with melindungi, and stay, remain, still and go on that can be considered equivalent with tetap.
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4. The Meaning of the Verb GET
The verb GET was assigned different meanings. It was considered synonymous with 15 English verbs and was considered equivalent with 11
Indonesian translations. The meanings and the Indonesian translations are
presented in table 4.4. Table 4.4: Meaning Frequency of the Verb GET
No. Synonyms
F Translations
F 1.
2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
10. 11.
12. 13.
14. 15.
Receive Become
Gain Obtain
Understand Achieve
Can Earn
Acquire Take
Have Accept
Catch Seize
Arrive 9
6 6
3 3
3 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
21.47 14.28
14.28 7.14
7.14 7.14
4.76 4.76
4.76 2.38
2.38 2.38
2.38 2.38
2.38 Mendapatkan
Memperoleh Menjadi
Mencapai Mengerti
Bangun Menerima
Menderita Merenggut
Sampai Semakin
29 9
7 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 30.35
21.42 16.07
12.5 3.57
3.57 3.57
1.78 1.78
1.78 1.78
Total 42
56
The verb GET was considered synonymous with the verb receive by 9
respondents or 21, 47 of the total respondents and was considered equivalent
with Indonesian translation mendapatkan by 29 respondents or 30, 35 of the total respondents. Some English verbs are each is only written by one respondent:
take, have, accept, catch, seize, and arrive. There are also some meanings in the
form of Indonesian translation equivalent that each is only written by one
respondent: menderita, merenggut, sampai, and semakin. One respondent may
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consider the Indonesian translation semakin with the verb GET with additional
affix ing. From the table of meaning frequency, we could also see the core meaning of the tested verb based on the respondents’ vocabulary knowledge. This
notion is also based on the theory of vocabulary meaning mapping determinants saying that usually the meaning of vocabulary taught to the students in the initial
level are the core meaning of words. Therefore, the core meaning of the verb GET based on the respondents’ knowledge is receive that is considered equivalent with
mendapatkan.
Besides receive that was considered equivalent with the Indonesian translation mendapatkan, there are some other verbs that can be considered
equivalent with the Indonesian translation: the verbs receive and accept can be considered equivalent with menerima, the verb become can be considered
equivalent with menjadi, the verbs obtain, acquire, and earn can be considered equivalent with mendapatkan and memperoleh, the verb understand can be
considered equivalent with mengerti, achieve can be considered equivalent with mencapai, and the verb arrive can be considered equivalent with sampai. The
verb understand contribute the connotative meaning of the verb GET since the verb understand is not the literal meaning of the GET.
5. The Meaning of the Verb MAKE.
