The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘e’
28
The table above shows the bases ending with the letter „e’. After the suffixation of the suffix {-ful}, the words such as,
fateful
,
tasteful
,
useful
, and
wasteful
are formed. The suffix {-ful} does not change to any other form in the words
tasteful
,
useful
,
wasteful
, and
fateful
. From this analysis, we can discover that the addition of the suffix {-ful} can be attached directly without any
alteration. There is an exception on the base ending with the letter „e’ which is the
base
grate
. Grate is a diachronic data because the words
grate
and
grateful
have different meanings. The diachronic method is not applied since the researcher puts
the limitation of the study. In addition, there is only one word that is categorized as a diachronic data. Hence, the analysis of word
grate
is regarded as the exceptional case. The word
grateful
is not constructed by the base
grate
with the attachment of the suffix {-ful}. However, the word
grateful
is derived from obsolete Latin
gratus +
-ful. The word
gratus
means „pleasing, agreeable, and thankful’.
ii. The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘t’
Based on the data collection, there are also the bases ending with the letter „t’. There are seven bases ending with the letter „t’. The data occurrences of the
bases ending with „t’ attached to the suffix {-ful} can be seen in the table below.
Table 6. The Last Letter ‘t’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 doubt
doubtful 2
forget forgetful
3 fright
frightful PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
29
4 hurt
hurtful 5
resent resentful
6 respect
respectful 7
tact tactful
8 thought
thoughtful The suffix {-
ful} also attaches to the bases ending with the letter „t’. There are eight bases ending with „t’ that are attached to the suffix {-ful}. The existence
of the bases ending with t he letter „t’ is more than 20. It means that the bases
ending with the letter „t’ become the second productive among other letters. From the table above, the researcher finds out that almost the entire bases
ending with „t’ have no modification. For instance, the base
doubt
+ {-ful} becomes
doubtful.
Other examples are the bases
fright
and
hurt
+ {-ful} change into
frightful
and
hurtful
. Another base is the base
thought
+ {-ful} becomes
thoughtful
. It can be concluded that the bases ending with „t’ do not undergo the alteration. In other words, the attachment of the suffix {-ful} is involved directly
without causing any changes.
iii. The Base Ending with Last Letter ‘y’
The suffix {- ful} also attaches to the bases ending with the letter „y’. The
bases ending wi th the letter „y’ occurs in six words. The words are presented in
the following list below.
Table 7. The Last Letter ‘y’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 beauty
beautiful 2
duty dutiful
30
3 mercy
merciful 4
pity pitiful
When the suffix {-ful} attaches to the bases such as
beauty
,
duty
,
mercy
, and
pity
, there is a replacement of the letter „y.’ The last letter „y’ of the base is omitted and replaced with the letter „i’ when the suffix {-ful} attaches to the
bases. For instance, the base
beauty
which becomes
beautiful
with „y’ is omitted and converted into „i’.
The bases
duty
and
mercy
are similar to the base
beauty.
The base
duty
becomes
dutiful,
and the base
mercy
becomes
merciful
. The letter „y’ in the final position of the base is omitted. The researcher figures out that these bases have
two consonant letters in the final position. The consonant „y’ appears in the final
position after the existence of the consonants „t’ and „c’. It can be concluded that the consonant „y’ is omitted when it is followed by consonants „t’ and „c’ in the
bases
beauty
,
duty
, and
mercy
when receiving the suffix {-ful}. In addition, the bases
beauty
,
duty
,
mercy
, and
pity
have two syllables. The letter „y’ that is placed in the second syllable as the final let
ter will change into „i’ when receiving the suffix {-
ful}. In short, the letter „y’ is changed into „i’ if the letter „y’ is placed in the second syllable. The pattern can be stated as follows
There are two bases ending with „y’ that do not undergo the replacement. Please observe the following data below.
X- ‘ty’ + {-ful}
X – ‘ti’ + -ful X-
‘cy’ + {-ful} X – ‘ci’ + -ful
31
Table 8. The Last Letter ‘y’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 joy
joyful 2
play playful
The bases
joy
and
play
are also involved with the suffix {-ful}. However, the
joy
and
play
are different to the bases
beauty
,
mercy
and
pity
. These words only have one syllable. In addition, the letter „y’ in the bases
play
and
joy
is preceded by the letter „a’ and „o’ that is known as vowel. Therefore, the letter „y’
in the final letter does not undergo any alteration when the bases receiving the suffix {-ful}. For instance, the base
joy
+ {-ful} becomes
joyful
. It is similar to the base
play +
{-ful} which changes into
playful
. There is no replacement when the base
joy
and
play
attached to the suffix {-ful}. In other words, the suffix {-ful} attaches to these bases directly without any modification of the bases.
iv. The Base Ending with Last Letter ‘r’
The bases having the last letter „r’ occur in five occasions according to
The COMPLETE SHORT STORIES of Ernest Hemingway.
The data are presented in the table below.
Table 9. The Last Letter ‘r’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 cheer
cheerful 2
fear fearful
3 power
powerful 4
tear tearful
5 wonder
wonderful PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
32
As the data above, the bases such as
power
becomes
powerful
,
cheer
becomes
cheerful
, and
wonder
becomes
wonderful
. It shows that these bases end with the last letter „r’ in the last position of the base. The suffix {-ful} which
attaching to the bases ending with „r’ do not experience the change. Thus, the
addition of the suffix {-
ful} can be directly attached to the base ends with „r’. v.
The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘h’
The bases ending with the letter „h’ appear in four words. The occurrence of the letter „h’ is only 9.5 . Below are the data.
Table 10. The Last Letter ‘h’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 faith
faithful 2
truth truthful
3 wrath
wrathful 4
youth youthful
In this case, it is found that the suffix {-ful} is followed by the base that ends with the last letter „h’. When the bases
faith and youth
are attached to the suffix {-ful}, they change into
faithful and youthful
. The suffixation is adding the suffix {-ful} to the bases without any alteration in the bases and the form of the
suffix {-ful}. In short, the bases
faith
and
youth
is followed directly by the suffix
{-ful}. vi.
The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘n’
The bases of the suffix {- ful} ending with the letter „n’ infrequently appear
based on the data collection. The occurre nce of the bases ending with „n’ is only
in two words. The data is the words
sin
and
pain
. Those words are shown in the following list below.
33
Table 11. The Last Letter ‘n’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Bases Words
1 pain
painful 2
sin sinful
As mentioned in the data above, the attachment of the suffix {-ful} to bases ending with the letter „n’ does not change the spellings of the bases. It can
be seen in the bases
pain
and
sin
. When the base
pain
is added to the suffix {-ful}, it changes directly into
painful
without any alteration. The same thing also happens to the base
sin
+ {-ful} which changes into
sinful
. It can be concluded that there is no change orthographically of the bases ending with the letter „n’
when they are added to the suffix {-ful}.
vii. The Base Ending with Last Letter ‘l’
According to the data, the number of the base ending with the letter „l’ is
only occurs in one word. The word is as follows. Table 12. The Last Letter ‘l’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful}
No Base
Word
1 skill
skillful Th
e researcher can only find one noun that ends with the last letter „l’. The datum is the base
skill
that is categorized as a noun base. When this base is attached to the suffix {-ful}, it does not make any change orthographically. It is
proven when the base
skill
+ {-ful} becomes
skillful
.
viii. The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘d’
Besides the bases ending with the letter „n’, the base ending with the letter „d’ also rarely appears based on the data collection. The base ending with „d’ is
34
taken from
The COMPLETE SHORT STORIES of Ernest Hemingway
. The base ending with „d’ appears only in one word. This word is presented can be seen in
the table below. Table 13. The Last Letter ‘d’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful}
No Base
Word
1 hand
handful There is only one noun t
hat ends with the last letter „d’ namely
handful
. The base ending with letter „d’,
hand,
after attached to the suffix {-ful} alters into
handful
. When the base ending with „d’ is received by the suffix {-ful}, it does not make any change. In other words,
the base ending with „d’ does not undergo any alteration. The suffix {-ful} can be attached to the base directly.
ix. The Base Ending with the Last Letter ‘s’
The last datum is the base with the letter „s’ in the final position. There is only one word with „s’ that is considered as the base of the suffix {-ful}. This
word is listed in the table below.
Table 14. The Last Letter ‘s’ Receiving the Suffix {-ful} No
Base Word
1 success
successful Above is the datum of the base ending with the letter „s’. The base
success
when it is attached to the suffix {-ful}, the base changes into
successful
. It shows that when the base
success
changes into
successful
, there is no alteration in the base and the form of the suffix {-ful}.
To sum up, orthographically, all of the bases of the suffix {-ful} undergo the
simple affixation
. The simple affixation means that every base is directly
35
attached to the suffix {-ful} without any alteration. The bases
care
,
hurt
, and
play
when attached to the suffix {-ful} change into
careful
,
hurtful
, and
playful
. It proves that the suffix {-ful} is directly added to the bases without any alteration of
the spelling. The simple affixation can be indicated through this following
formula.
However, there is an exceptional case for the bases ended with last letter „y’. For the bases
beauty
,
duty
,
mercy
, and
pity
undergo the replacement because the letter „y’ is preceded by a consonant. After receiving the suffix {-ful}, the
bases
beauty
becomes
beautiful
,
duty
becomes
dutiful
,
mercy
becomes
merciful
, and
pity
becomes
pitiful
. It proves that the letter „y’ on the final position of the
bases changes into „i’ after receiving the suffix {-ful}.