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be satisfied in this modern world in which people move a lot. We no longer stay permanently in one place. We change houses, neighborhood, cities, countries and
even spouses. We are not long enough in one place to develop a sense of belonging.
The self esteem needs have two categories. They are self-esteem and respect from other people. Self esteem comprises such needs as desires for
confidence, competence, mastery, adequacy, achievement, independence and freedom. Those characteristics if we lack of them, we feel inferior, weak and
helpless in facing life. Respect encloses such concepts as prestige, recognition, acceptance, attention, status, reputation, and appreciation. Very often we think
well ourselves if we are sure that others think well of us. The self actualization needs are described as the desire to become more
and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. These needs are the identification of the psychological needs for growth,
development and utilization of potential. Self-actualizing people express their emotions in open and direct ways. They are also committed to their work.
According to Maslow, if this sense of devotion and dedication is absent, it is impossible for someone to become self actualizing. These needs also appear after
reasonable satisfaction of love and esteem needs Globe 42.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
The theories that the writer had explained were to support the analysis of the study. In this part, the writer mentioned what theories are applied and why the
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writer used those theories. First was the theory of critical approach which was important to know what approach was the most relevant to analyze the study. It
turn out that the psychological approach was the most relevant one because this study discussed human motivation, personality, and behavior patterns written in
literary objects. Moreover, this approach believed that character’s thought, personality and behavior might reflect their psychological order.
The second was the theory of character and characterization. The theories were used to help the writer describe what kind of person was the Jacques
Sauniere in the novel. According to the theory, a character should be described through several ways. These theories were important in answering the first
questions in the problem formulation. The third was theory of motivation. The theory was employed in order to
reveal the motivation of Jacques Sauniere in leaving a message before he died. The theory is important to answer the second question of problem formulation.
2.3 Criticism of the Novel
The Da Vinci Code is a 2003 mystery-detective fiction novel written by
American author Dan Brown. It follows symbologist Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu as they investigate a murder in Pariss Louvre Museum and discover a
battle between the Priory of Sion and Opus Dei over the possibility of Jesus Christ of Nazareth having been married to Mary Magdalene.
The title of the novel refers to, among other things, the fact that the murder victim is found in the Denon Wing of the Louvre, naked and posed like Leonardo
