38
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
In this study, the writer used two instruments: interview and questionnaire. In the research and information collecting the writer used questionnaires and
interviews. In the preliminary field testing the writer used questionnaires. The explanations of the instruments and the data gathering technique are presented
below.
1. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique for Research and
Information Collecting
In this group, the writer used questionnaires and interviews to collect the data
of the students’ characteristics. The questionnaires were given to the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta and the interviews were conducted
with the seventh grade English teachers of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The questionnaires for the students were close-ended questionnaires consisting of 17
questions. They were 10 questions about the characteristics of the students and 7 questions about the listening materials they needed.
The questionnaires were distributed after the writer asked permission from the headmaster of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta and the English teachers. Then, the
questionnaires were distributed before the class began. After distributing the questionnaires, the writer interviewed the English teachers using Indonesian. The
interview was conducted after the teachers had finished their teaching activities. According to Johnson Christensen 2012 interview is a data-collection method
in which an interviewer the researcher asks questions to an interviewee the participants.
39 The writer did not only record the interview but also took notes to avoid
the missing answers because of the unclear sounds. As stated by Patton 2002, “the note taking is taken as the backup in the even the recorder is malfunctioned
or erased inadvertently during transcription” p. 383. The use of recorded interview is stated by Bell 2010 that it is to allow eye contact with the
interviewee, to help the interviewee become
interested
and to make sure that what the interviewer writes is accurate.
2. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique for Preliminary Field Testing
The instrument in the preliminary field testing was questionnaires. The questionnaires were used to obtain the data about
the participants’ suggestions, opinions and comments. The questionnaires consisted of three parts. In the first
part, the participants were expected to write their identities. In the second part, the participants were expected to give their opinions by choosing one of the options
provided. This part consisted of 14 statements related to the designed listening materials. In the third part, the participants were expected to write the strengths
and the weaknesses of the design, their opinions and suggestions.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
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