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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Translation 1. The Definition of Translation
The translation is an effort to divert messages from one language to another.
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Here are excerpts of some expert opinion on the definition of language translation is a frequent reference actors and observers of the translation.
There are some definitions of translation taken from many sources, such as:
1. Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in
term of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
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2. Translation is basically a change of form. When we speak of form of language, we are referring to actual words, phrases, clauses,
sentences, paragraph, etc, which are spoken or written…In the translation the form of the source language is replaced by the form
of the receptor target language.
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3. Translation is the replacement of representation of a text in one language by a representation text in second language.
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4. Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language source language by equivalent textual material in another
language target language.
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Frans Sayogie, Teori Praktek Penerjemahan: Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Tangerang: Pustaka Anak Negri, 2009, p. 7
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Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, The Theory and practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1969, p. 12.
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Mildred L. Larson, Meaning Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalent. Lanham: University of America, 1984, p. 3.
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Roger T Bell, Translation and Translating Theory and Practice . London: Longman, 1998, p. 20.
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J.C.Catford, A Linguitic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press, 1963, p. 20.
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5. Translation is rendering in the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.
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6. Translating means the study of lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and culture from language to find the
equivalent message from the source language to find the equivalent expressed in the target language’s lexicon, structure and culture.
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From the definitions above, it can be concluded that translation is looking for the equivalence of meaning or reproducing the equivalent messages from the
source language.
More simply, translating can be defined as transfer a message from the source language into the language of the recipient target with the express
language of meaning and style.
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The Linguists tried to give their opinion about translation. New Mark gives a definition of translation as “reading the meaning of a text into another
language in the way that the author intenced the text” divert the meaning of a text into other languages according to what is meant by the author. Pinchuk also
defines translation as “a process of finding a TL target language equivalent for an SL” a process of finding the equivalent of a speech-language support from the
source into the target language.
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In translation both source and target languages play an important role, the translator must be dominant. It means that the text that has been produce from one
language to others is still going along with the language.
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Peter Newmark, A Text Book of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall International, 1988, p. 5.
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Mildred L.Larson. Penerjemahan Berdasar Makna Pedoman untuk Pemadanan Antar Bahasa , Jakarta: Arcan, 1989, p. 3.
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A Widyatama, Seni Menerjemahkan, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989, h. 11
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Dr. Frans Sayogie, M. Pd, Penerjemah Bahasa Asing ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Islam Negri Jakarta, 2008 , h. 7.
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B. Translation Method 1. The Definition of Translation Method
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