a Students’ participation.
In this study, the writer analyzed the students’ participation in the teaching learning activities by using songs, whether they followed all the activities or
perhaps they only followed some of the activities. b
Students’ interest and motivation In doing this study, the writer took notes of the students’ interest and
motivation in learning English by using songs. If the students enjoyed the activities and liked to the songs given, the writer concluded that the students
were interested and motivated in learning English by using songs. c
Students’ improvement in pronouncing English words. Before and after the writer presented the songs, she took some notes about the
students’ ability in pronouncing the words of the song.
3.4 Validity of the Test
Harris 1969: 89 states that empirical validity is used to prove that scores have a high correlation to some outside criterion such as mark they get at the end of the course.
This study deals with the students’ pronunciation achievement. So, the writer did not make statistical computation to check the empirical validity. To get the empirical data
on students’ pronunciation, the transcription of students’ pronunciation was made by playing the recording several times to make it clear. She also consulted the
transcription to an English teacher. The teacher’s educational background is S-1 degree of English Education.
3.5 Action Plan
The writer planned six steps of action research in doing the action. The step was begun from selecting focus until continue or modify. In order to be clear, the writer
would like to present the Glanz’s model of action research as interpreted by Denish Dabish in Gall 2003: 586 .
Select a focus Step 1
Continue modify Collect Data
Step 6
Step 2
Analyze and Reflect Interpret data
Step 5 Step 3 Take Action
Step 4
Source:The six stages of action research by Glanz in Gall 2003: 586
Based on the model above, here are the implemented plans of the research: 1
The first step was selecting focus. The focus of this study was the students of class VII C of MTs ANNUR Jepara.
2 The second step was collecting data. The writer collected the data on January
22, 2007. The data collection was done by giving a pretest to the students. It was
done through sound production test and followed by 30 students. The writer asked the sudents to read the 75 words taken from the songs used in the research. She
also recorded the students’ sound to get the empirical data. The objective of this test was used to know the students’ achievement in pronouncing English words
before they took the program.
3 The third step was analyzing and interpreting the data. To get the empirical
data, the writer not only made the analysis on the students’ pronunciation herself but also consulted the result of the analysis to the English teacher where the writer
did the action. The analysis was done by transcribing students’ pronunciation. After making the analysis, the writer interpreted the result of the analysis by
describing the pronunciation problems encountered by the students. 4
The fourth step was taking action. The action activities were teaching learning process by using songs. The teaching learning activities were done on three
meetings. The first meeting was on January 30, 2007, the second meeting was on January 31, 2007 and the third meeting was on February 3, 2007. On each
meeting, the writer used different songs. The songs used were Mother How Are You Today?, Old Mc Donald and My Garden. The writer implemented the songs
in teaching description text through spoken cycle. Here are the activities during
the teaching learning process:
a The writer distributed the lyrics of the song to the students. Before the
students listened to the song the writer asked the students to read the underlined words of the lyric.
b The writer played the song and the students listened to the song.
c The writer asked some questions about the song played.
d The writer and the students discussed about the content of the song.
e The writer played the song once again while the students listened
attentively to the song and to the word pronunciation of the lyric. f
The students sang the song together with the music accompaniment. g
The students worked in-group and then tried to retell the song. h
Before the class ended, the writer asked the students to read the underlined words once again.
5 The fifth step was reflection. To know the students reflection toward the
program, the writer gave a posttest and questionnaire. The material and the way of taking the test were same as those on pretest. The writer conducted a posttest on
February 5, 2007. The objective of the posttest was used to know whether the students made improvement on their pronunciation or not after listening to the
songs. The questionnaire was used to know the students reflection toward
learning English by using songs. 6
The last step was the continuation modification. After conducting a posttest and giving questionnaire, the writer made the analysis. As the writer only took
one action research cycle, it means that the study was complete.
3.6 Method of Data Analysis
