CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
In this chapter the writer discusses about data collection, population and sample. The instrument of the research, action plan and the analysis method will be presented
accordingly.
3.1 Data Collection
Data are facts we have about people, situations, events, things, and relationships Tripp, 1996: 15. Like other researchers, in carrying out a classroom action research
one has to collect the data containing some information for one’s undertaking. In doing research Walker, 1985 and in A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Action
research Hopkins, 1985 as quoted by Mc Niff 1992: 76 there are various methods of data collection: field notes, audio tape recording, pupil diaries, interviews
and discussions, video tape recording, questionnaires, goniometry, documentary evidence, slide tape photography, case study.
All the techniques have the advantages and disadvantages. In order to make it clear, here is the taxonomy of the techniques:
Techniques Advantages Disadvantages
Uses
Field notes Simple, on going,
personal Subjective, need
practice •
Specific issues •
Case study •
General impression
Techniques Advantages Disadvantages
Uses
Audio tape recording
Versatile, accurate, provide
sample data Transcription
difficult, time consuming, often
inhibiting •
Detailed evidence
• Diagnostic
Pupil diaries Provides
pupils perspective
Subjective •
Diagnostic •
Triangulation Interviews and
discussions Can be teacher-
pupil, pupil-pupil Time consuming
• Specific in
depth information Video tape
recorder Visual and
comprehensive Awkward and
expensive, can be distracting
• Visual material
• Diagnostic
Questionnaires Highly specific,
easy to administer,
comparative Time consuming
to analyze, problem of right
answer •
Specific information and
feedback
Goniometry Easy
to administer,
provides guide to action
Can threaten isolated pupils
• Analyses social
relation ships.
Documentary evidence
Illuminative Difficult to obtain,
time consuming •
Provides context and
situation Slide tape
photograph Illuminative,
promote discussion
Difficult to obtain, superficial
• Illustrates
critical incidents Case study
Accurate, representative,
uses range of technique
Time consuming •
Comprehensive overview of an
issue •
Publishable format
In doing this study the writer obtained data by using test, questioner, and field notes. She also used audio tape recording to record the data obtained because by
audio tape recording technique an accurate and detailed data is needed to gain the data of students’ achievement in pronouncing English words. Stringer 1996: 64
asserts that the use of a tape recorder has the advantage of allowing the researcher to record accounts that are both detailed and accurate.
3.2 Population and Sample
Kategori