Theoretical Approach Theoretical Description

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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses the review of related literature. It consists of two parts. The first part is theoretical description. The second part is theoretical framework. Theoretical description is divided into three parts; the first part is theoretical approach, the second part is review of Indian culture, and the third part is criticism. Then, review of Indian culture is divided into society and livelihood.

2.1. Theoretical Description

2.1.1 Theoretical Approach

Rohrberger and Woods 1977: 6-15 mention five critical approaches to analyze a literary work. Those critical approaches are formalist, biographical, sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic, and psychological approach. The formalist approach is concerned with demonstrating the harmonious involvement of all the parts to the whole by pointing out how meaning is derived from structure and how matters of technique determine structure. The biographical approach asserts the necessity for an appreciation of the ideas and personality of the author to an understanding of the literary work. The sociocultural-historical approach is used to explain the history that supports the author work. The sociocultural-historical approach asserts the sociocultural-historical background in which the literary work is created influences the literary object. Literature includes ideas significant to the culture that produce it. It is also necessary to investigate the social milieus in which a work is created. The mythopoeic approach is used to discover certain universally recurrent patterns of human thought. The last approach is the psychological approach. The psychological approach pays attention to the psychological situation in the novel in order to understand the character’s goal and intention. In this study, the writer applies the socio-cultural approach because the writer wants to reveal the socio-cultural background of Hindu people in India before discussing the second problem. Rohrberger and Woods 1971: 1-9 state that literature is not created in an emptiness and that literature embodies ideas significant to the culture that produce it. The writer realizes that it is impossible to understand the City of Joy novel in order to find the influence of karma on the poor people in India without knowing the socio-cultural backgrounds of Indian especially Hindu people.

2.1.2. Review of Indian Culture