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D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
To conduct a study, instruments are needed so the study will be easily managed and the information or the data will be obtained and well organized.
There were four types of instruments used in this study, namely interview, observation checklist, field notes, and video recording.
1. Interview
The writer applied interview as the first instrument. Ary, et al. 1990 states that interview is a flexible instrument in conducting research because the
interviewer can observe the subject as well as the whole situation where he or she can respond directly p. 418. By interviewing, the writer is able to avoid
misinterpretation. If there is an unclear question, the interviewer is able to explain it again to the interviewee. There are two types of questions in the interview,
namely open-ended and closed questions p. 418. In the open-ended questions, the interviewee is free to provide answers. Whereas, closed questions limit the
interviewee since the answers or the alternatives are already provided to choose. According to Hopkins 2008, the uses of interview are to focus on a
specific aspect of teaching, and to provide general diagnostic information p. 112. In this study, open-ended interview was employed to obtain information about the
occurrence of scaffolding and its types proposed by Roehler and Cantlon 1997. This was essential to determine if the scaffolding can be the appropriate technique
in teaching English conversation class and presented their functions in the learning process.
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In this study, the writer used guided-interview. It means that the questions had been prepared before so the interviews would go effectively and could be
focused to the expected answers. The writer asked three students to be interviewed. The interview conducted right after the class was over. Those three
students were chosen randomly among twenty-seven students. Based on the result of the interview, the students’ opinions were representative because those three
students showed that they did well during the activities in class just the way most of their friends did. The conclusion was drawn since the writer and partner’s who
acted as the observer shared the same opinion that the atmosphere built during the process was positive. It means that most of the students played their role actively
when carrying out the activities and given tasks. The questions would be presented in the following table:
Table 3.1 Questions for Interview No.
Questions Data Obtained
1. Did you feel enthusiastic in doing all activities and in
completing the given tasks? Why? The advantages of
implementing scaffolding and its types research problem no.
3 2.
How far did you feel assistedsupported by the teacher in carrying out the tasks today?
3. How far did you feel actively involved in carrying out
the tasks today?
2. Observation Checklist
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