Research Method Research Setting

33

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology used in conducting the research. The methodology covers research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.

A. Research Method

The study was conducted by employing qualitative descriptive research. It was due to the reason that this study allowed the writer to observe a phenomenon naturally in a particular setting. According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2012, “Research studies that investigate the quality of relationships, activities, situations, or materials are frequently referred to as qualitative research” p. 426. It is qualitative research since this study did not use any statistical data. It is descriptive research because this study discussed “what goes on in a particular activity or situation” p. 426. To be exact, this study was conducted to investigate the use of scaffolding technique during the process of English conversation class to seek the answers of the advantages of implementing scaffolding and its types in English conversation class. When the study was accomplished, it was presented in a descriptive explanation. Ary, et al. 1990 state that “descriptive research is designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena. It is directed to 34 determine the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study which has a purpose to tell what it is” p. 381. Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2012 state that the data in qualitative research are gathered from interview, transcripts, field notes, photographs, audio recordings, videotapes, diaries, personal comments, memos, official records, textbook passages, and anything else that can support people’s action and utterances p. 427. Meanwhile, the data of this study were gathered from interviews, observation checklist, field notes and video recording. The writer analyzed the data into descriptions in which it presented the sequence of the process, the activities and the results, in a form of paragraphs.

B. Research Setting

The research was conducted in SMAN 1 Kalasan, Yogyakarta in XI IPS 2 class. The research was conducted during the English conversation class. The allocation time of this lesson was one hundred minutes. The research was conducted on November 4, 2011 since the materials and activities were accomplished in one meeting.

C. Research Participants