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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In this chapter the writer will convey any theories related to the research. It will be divided into four big subtitles; the test, the English teaching at junior high
school, and the previous studies. The test consists of the meaning of the test, the objectives of the test, the types of the test, and the criteria of a good test. The
English teaching at junior high school will give any description about English syllabus and the previous study will deliver any relevant studies.
A. The Meaning of the Test
Evaluation cannot be separated from the teaching learning process, especially for the teacher. Therefore, teacher should comprehend more about
the test as a tool of evaluation. Here are some definitions about the test. According to Valette
, “Testing is a topic of concern to language teachers, both those in the classroom and those engage in administration or research.
”
1
It means that the test is an important thing for teacher that should be given attention more either in the process or in the system of teaching learning.
Nitko states, “A test is a systematic procedure for observing and describing one or more characteristic of a person with the aid of either a
numerical scale or a category system.”
2
The statement means that an indi
vidual’s characteristics are to be able to observe and to describe with the aid of a numerical scale or a category system systematically.
Meanwhile, Hopkins and A ntes stated, “A test is an instrument, device or
procedure that purposes a sequence of tasks to which a student is to respond _ the results of which are used
measures of a specified trait.“
3
The statement
1
Rebecca M. Vallete, Modern Language Testing, Second Edition, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1977,p. 3.
2
Anthony J. Nitko, Educational Tests and Measurement: An Introduction, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc, 1983, p. 6.
3
Charles D. Hopkins and Richard L. Antes, Classroom measurement and Evaluation, Itasca: F.E. Peacock Publishers, Inc., 1990, third edition, p.130.
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